(Kavitraya) MAHAA BHAARAT
(In Simple English)

Originally written in Sanskrit by Bhagavan Veda Vyaasa
(Krishna Dvaipaayana)
Translated into Telugu (a Regional Language of South India)
b y
Sri Nannaya Bhattaarakah
Sri Tikkana Somayaaji
Sri Yerra Pragada.
in Eleventh Century
( popularly known as Kavitrayam)
Commentary in simple English
by Sri. M.V.Subrahmanyam,
Abhimanyu was the son of Arjuna. Parikshit was the son of Abhimanyu. Janamejaya was the son of Parikshit. Janamejaya performed Sarpa Yaga. At that that time, Vaisampaayana told the story of Mahabharat to all the sages and saints gathered there. At that time, Ugrasravasa (Sooti, a story teller) happened to be there and he heard the entire story of Mahabharat.
Later, In Naimisaaranya, while Saint Sounaka was performing Satra Yaga, the said Ugrasravasu told the Story of Mahabharat to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints.
Ugrasravasu (Sooti) continued to say-------
Whie Pandavas were spending their time in forests, in that SarAt season, Agastya Star appeared on the south. Pandavas spent some time on the banks of River Sarasvati. Then they proceeded to Kamyaka Vana.
While Pandavas were in Kamyakavana, Sri Krishna along with his wife Satya Bhama arrived there. Dharmaja along with his brothers received Sri Krishna with due honors.
"Dharmaja! those Kouravas subjected you and your brothers and wife to all kinds of troubles. But Dharma is on your side. Final victory is yours. All the kings viz., Andhaka, VrushNi, Bhoja, Kukura are on your side. You will rule this Country" Sri Krishna consoled Dharmaja.
"Sri Krishna! with your grace, we have come to the end of Aranya Vaasa. We will complete Agnata Vasa also. Then only we will wage war against Kouravas and get back our kingdom according to Dharma. If your grace showers on us, it is sufficient. You have to lead us in right path." said Dharmaja politely.
"Droupadi, yours sons are quite safe at Dwaraka. They are playing with other Yadava princes and they are happy. They are learning all kinds of archery skills. My sister, Subhadra is looking after your children more than her son, Abhimanyu. You need not worry about them." Sri Krishna consoled Droupadi.
In the meanwhile, Saint Markandeya arrived there. Sri Krishna, Pandavas, received Saint Markandeya and offered him Arghyam and Paadyam.
"O Saint Markandeya! we have not transgressed Dharma at any point of time. Still we are suffering a lot. But the sons of Dhrutarashtra have no least regard to follow Dharma. They always do bad things. Still they are enjoying all plealsures on this earth. What is the reason for this?
Whether a human being will undergo the result of his Karma on this earth or whether he will have the same in heaven or he will undergo the result of his Karma both on this earth and heaven. Whether a person who did not have the Darsan of the Almighty will not experience the result of his Karma? Or whether all the Karmas did in this birth will vanish along with the body, soon after he leaves the body?
O Saint Markandeya, kindly clarify all these doubts which are ringing in my mind since a long time!" asked Dharmaja.
Saint Markandeya continued to say:-----
"Dharmajaa! originally the Creator, in the first phase, created only virtutous souls. The bodies which were created with virtuous souls were great people. They always followed Satva; speak always truth; they always follow satya vrata; they acquired more knowledge and wisdom; and they lived freely and happily. They followed the heavenly path. Without much trouble, they acquired more results. They always followed Dharma. They did not know what jealousy was or, for that matter, any evil ideas. They begot many children and lived happily for number of years on this earth.
But, while timepassed by, bad qualities like anger, jealousy, lust, desire, greediness, pride, arrogance, aggrandisement, delusion and envy entered these virtuous souls. They were influenced by the above evils and Maaya. As a result, the heavenvly bodies discarded the human bodies.
The human bodies were losing day by day, their strength and longevity of life. They lost all their wealth and happiness. They became poor. They were not getting good results for their deeds. All kinds of diseases attacked them. Human beings lost faith in God and they became Nastikas. They lost tolerance. They were fighting with each other for wealth and women and they became sinners. They are going to hell and again taking birth. They are taking births and deaths often and were suffering in this vicious circle of Samsara.
In this manner, the human beings were acquiring both good and bad results for their deeds and the same results are being carried forward along with them while leaving this body. The human beings forgot their original quality viz., happiness and they spent their life with acquired sorrows and woes.
Dharmajaa! everybody has to undergo the result of his deeds. Even if they leave their bodies, the results of their deeds will never vanish. Some will enjoy the result for their good and virtuous deeds on this earth, even in this birth only. Some will enjoy in heaven. Some will enjoy both on the earth and heaven.
Some will never enjoy happiness either on the earth or heaven. That all depends on their deeds. Some will acquire wealth but they never perform virtuous deeds.They always involve in enjoying life and sensual pleasures and satisfying their lust. They never perform good deeds and acquire Punya. They will always be influenced by greediness, delusion and infatuation. They always crave for sensual pleasures. They will lead their life only for enjoying sensual pleasures.
Dharmaja! always performing virtuouss deeds, learning Vedas, visiting holy shrines, will always give good results and happines, though not on this earth, but atleast in heaven. One who follows Dharma always, acting in the outside world according to Dharma, earning money legally, marries according to Dharma, begets children, and perform virtuous deeds, they will enjoy happiness not only in this world but in the heaven also.
But, on the contrary, one who has no regard to tell truth, always tangle in sensual pleasures, not following cleanliness, commiting all kinds of sins and following Nastikatva, they will always undergo all kinds of sorrows not only in this world but in heaven also.
Dharmaja! you all were born with the Amsas(genesis) of Heavenly Bodies. You will defeat your enemies according to Dharma. You will perform many Yajnas and Yagas and will attain heavenly bodies." said Saint Markandeya.
"O Saint! I am very happy on hearing your pleasant words. Kindly tell me the power and influence of Brahmins." asked Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya continued to say:
"Dharmaja! In the ancient past, there was a king by name Dhundhumaara in Haihava Dyansty. One day he was wandering in a forest in search of animals for hunting. In a shrub, he saw a Brahmin boy wearing the skin of a deer and moving around the bush. The king mistook him as a deer and hit him with his arrow. The boy died. The king went near the body and found that he killed a brahmin boy not a deer. He felt sad.
He went back to his capital, told the same to all elders and along with the elders, he went to Saint Taarkshva and told him what had happened and asked him the way to get rid of this sin. That saint smiled at him and asked his son to come there.
"Is he the same boy whom you killed by mistake? " asked Saint Taarkshva. The king and elders astonished.
"This boy was killed by our king. How he has come alive? Kindly tell us the reason" the elders requested the saint.
"We always follow some principles and Dharma. We lead virtuous life. We never delay any matter. We always take limited food. We perform our daily rituals punctually. We honour our guests. We always speak truth. We follow bachelor life. We love peace and tranquility. By following the above principles, we never get diseases and untimely deaths. Therefore, you go back without any worry" said Saint Taarkshva.
Dharmaja! this is the power of Brahmins.
Now I will tell a story about the power of Brahmins and Kshatriyas. There was a saint called Atri. He intended to go to forest for performing Tapassu. He asked his wife whether she wanted to remain with his sons or follow him to forest.
"O my husband! without making any arrangements for our livelihood, how can you go to forests for Tapassu. Hence please approach King Vainya and bring some money for our expenses." said his wife.
Accordingly, Atri went to King Vainya. At that time, King Vainya was performing Asvamedha Yaaga and he was offering gold, silver and money to Brahmins as Dakshina. Atri praised King Vainya:
"O King Vainya! You are equivalent to Lord Brahma and Indra. You are the Lord for all the people. You know all Dharmas. You are second to none on this earth. You are praised by all sages and saints" praised Saint Atri.
Saint Goutama who was present there heard all these praises. He grew angry.
"Atri! After all, for the sake of some money and gold, you are shamelessly praising the King equivalent to Brahma and Indra. Is it proper on your part?" questioned Goutama.
"Yes it is correct. Without knowing which is right and which is wrong, you are unnecessarily talking. A virtuous, moral and powerful king is the root cause for all the Dharmas. Cannot I praise the greatness of such a king?" replied Atri.
"Though you are older in age, you have not acquired any wisdom. We respect only elders with wisdom" replied Goutama.
All this conversion was heard by saint Kashyapa.
"This problem will not be solved out by us. we have to refer the same to Saint Sanatkumaara". said Kashyapa.
Then all approached Saint Sanatkumaara and sought his advise in this regard.
"Saint Atri is correct. His words are according to Dharma. A good Kshatriya who is bearing this earth on his shoulders, is the real king. He kills all the enemies and saves the good people. That king is equivalent to Lord Siva, Lord Brahma. King will be worshipped by his people. In his rule, law abiding citizens and sages and saints will perform their duties scrupulously. Nobody will violate his orders. Therefore, King is the Emperor. He wins the fortunes. He is virtuous, always speaks truth. He rules his people according to Dharma. Such a king was described in Vedas with all the above good qualities.
In the past, all Brahmins, being afraid of Adharma, installed their powers in virtuous kings. Since then, Kshaatra quality was influenced by Brahmin quality. Threfore, Brahmam and Kshaatram are depending one upon the other. They are not separate. As the Sun destroys darkness, a virtuous Kshatriya, by worshipping Brahmins, will become more powerful, and he will suppress Adharma and instal Dharma. For these reasons, Kshatriya is more powerful" said Sanatkumara.
Then King Vainya gave lot of money to Saint Atri and satisfied him." said Markandeya about the power of Brahmins and Kshatriyas.
Saint Markandeya continued to say--- "O Dharmaja! Now I will tell you Sarasvati Geeta. In the past, one Saint Taakshya worshipped Goddess Sarasvathi. Goddess Sarasvati appeared before him.
"O Goddess! What is the Dharma to be followed by a human beings? How a human being will acquire Punya and attain Punya Lokas? Kindly clarify the above doubts" asked Saint Taakshya
. "A brahmin who studied four vedas, performed many Yajnas and Yagas, will acquire Punya and will go to Punya Lokas. A Brahmin who gives milch cows also will go to Svarga. He will remain in Svarga number of years equivalent to the number of hair on that cow. A person who gives clothes to poor will go to Chandra Loka. A person who gives gold will go to Svarga. Who perform yajna for seven years will go to Svarga along with his forefathers of 14 ascendents. One who is clean and perform Sacred Fire will go to Goloka.
I was born from fire. I can clarify all doubts in Vedas. I will live in a place where sages and saints will always chant vedas and live without fear or sorrow. Virtuous people who perform Yajnas and Yagas will come to me after death." said Goddess Sarasvati.
Then Dharmaja asked Markandeya about Vaivasvata Manuvu. Saint Markandeya continued to say:
"In Chaakshusha Manvantara, Saint Vaivasvata did Tapassu in Badarikaashram for ten thousand years. One day, after taking bath, Vaivasvata saw a small fish in that pond.
"O saint! In this pond, there are several fish much bigger than me. Kindly take me to some other place" the small fish requested Vaivasvata.
Then Vaivasvata took that small fish and kept in a small well. Some days later, the small fish grew bigger.
"Vaivasvata! this well is not sufficient for me. Kindly leave me in a bigger well" the fish requested him. Accordingly, Vaivasvata left that fish in a pond.
After some days, that pond was not sufficient. Then Vaivasvata left that fish in a sea.
That fish told Vaivasvata "The doomsday is fast approaching. All the seas will join together and the entire earth will be occupied with water only. This is called "Manvantara Sandhi" (interregnum between two Manvantaras. Now we are in Vaivasvata Manvantara. Prior to that, there was Chaakshusha Manvantara).
You acquire one big ship and preserve all kinds of seeds, herbs, pulses, grains etc. for reproduction. During that Manvantara Sandhi, you along with Seven Great Sages and Saints, board the ship and and think about me in mind. I will come and help you" said that big fish.
Accordingly, Vaivasvasta acquired one big ship and preserved all kinds of seeds, herbs, pulses, grains etc. He along with Seven Saints entered the ship and went into the sea. He thought that fish in mind. The fish came. There was a big horn on the head of the fish. The fish tagged on the ship thread to its horn and took the ship into the middle of the sea.
In the meanwhile, all the seas overflowed and the entire earth was filled with water and no earth was seen (Jala Pralayam). That fish was dragging the ship in those waters for several thousands of years. The Pralayam ended.
"I saved you during the Jala Pralayam. I am the creator. I am the saviour. I saved you in the form of a fish. Saint Vaivasvata will continue the creation on this earth." the fish disappeared.
Saint Vaivasvata did Tapassu and created all the living and non-living things on this earth. The creation of life started." said Saint Markandeya about Saint Vaivasvata.
"O Saint Markandeya! You are eternal. You have seen many Pralayas. (doomsdays).You have seen many creations and destructions. Kindly tell me how the doomsday (Pralaya) will be." asked Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! I have to give reply to your question only with the kind permission of Lord Sri Krishna who is the incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Listen very carefully.
Kruta Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dwaapara Yuga and Kaliyuga are four Yugas. These four Yugas put together consist of 12,000 holy years. It is one Maha Yuga. One thousand Maha Yugas is equivalent to one day for Lord Brahma. At the end of the day of Brahma, during the last 100 years, there will be severe draught for lack of rains and water. The sun will be hot. The winds will be blowing with great speed. Suddenly dark clouds will cover the sky. There will be severe downpour with thunders and lightnings from the sky.
The drought will end and due to the heavy rains all the rivers and seas will overflow and join together and the entire earth will be inundate in water. There will be darkness. No light. The entire earth will plunge into darkness.
In the meanwhile, as per the directions of Brahma, heavy winds will blow and all the clouds will be scattered. That is the night for Brahma. Lord Brahma will sleep amidst those waters. Thus one Kalpam will come to an end. Like this, several Kalpas have gone by. Several Kalpas have to come.
(Kalpaanta (end of Kalpa) means the Pralaya which happens at the end of Kalpa. It will come at the end of each Kalpa. One Kalpa is equivalent to one day for Brahma. During that time, the entire world will be active. At the end of the day of Brahma, Jala Pralaya will come. Then the entire world will be plunged into darkness. That was the night for Brahma. During that time, the entire world will be in an inanimate and inactive state. Next morning, new day (new Kalpa) will start. Brahma will start creation).
(Now we are in Svetha Varaha Kalpa).

Dharmaja! during these nights (at the end of Kalpas) I was wandering without knowing anything. In that Jala Pralaya, I saw one big banyan tree. On a banian leaf, Lord Maha Vishnu was lying and sleeping . I wondered how that small boy was sleeping in that Jala Pralayam.
I went near the boy. The boy smiled at me "O saint! I think you are tired. Please go inside my body and take rest for sometime.". The boy opened his mouth. I was pushed into the mouth by force.
I entered the body of the boy. I have seen, River Ganges and other rivers, Meru and other mountains, all seas, cities, villages, people, all living beings, birds, vast plains, sun and moon, galaxies of stars, unending sky, all divine bodies, Yaksha, Kinnera, Kimpurusha, Vidyadhadhara and other divine bodies, in that small stomache of that boy. I wandered there for one hundred years. I was afraid. I prayed that boy. I came out of his mouth by force.
Again, I saw that boy lying on the banyan leaf. That boy asked "O saint! have you taken rest inside my stomache?".
I bowed before his feet "O God! I have seen the entire world inside your stomache. You are not a small boy. I cannot understand this mystery. What is this Jala Pralaya.? What is this banyan tree? How you are sleeping on this small banyan leaf? Kindly end my ignorance and tell me the truth!" I prayed.
Then Maha Vishnu, who was in the form of a boy told me:
"O saint! The water is otherwise called as "Nara". These waters are my abode. Hence I am called Narayana. I create this world. I look after this world. I will swallow this world inside me. Brahma, Indra, Eswara, Kubera, and all other divine bodies were created from mine.
The earth is my feet. Agni is my face. Sun and Moon are my eyes. The sky is my head. I appear in this magnificent form. Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vysyas perform Yajnas and Yagas and worship me. During the Pralaya, I saved this earth in the form of Varaha. Now I bear this entire world on my head as Adi Sesha. I swallow the entire waters in the seas in the form of agni. Again I release the same water in the form of rain.
At the inception, I created four castes from out of my face, shoulders, thighs and feet. Four Vedas were created out of my face. During Pralaya, I take the entire world into myself. One who sheds egoism and jealousy, one who conquers the desires, one who attains self-realisation, one who always speak truth, will worship me always. All the stars, planets, air, rain are of mine. I made all the seven seas as my abode.
O Saint! speaking truth, doing penance, attaining wisdom, practising non-violance, are my forms. Likewise, desires, anger, jealousy, hatredness, laziness, ignorance are also my forms. What all that appears or does not appear in this entire world is nothing but my reflection.
Whenever any harm is caused to Dharma and when Adharma will flourish, and when the wicked people and people with Asuric mentality will get upper hand, and when Saatvik and virtuous people will suffer in their hands, at that time I will create for myself in the houses of such virtuous people and instal dharma again.
I will remain in Krutha, Treta, Dvaapara and Kaliyuga in White, Red, Blue and Yellow forms and instal dharma. I will be running the Kala chakra relentlessly. At the time of desturction (laya) I will destroy the entire creation in the form of Kala Yama.
I told you in detail what I am. Even Brahma, the creator is half of mine. My name is Narayana. When the entire world is filled with water (Jala Pralaya) for a period of one thousand Maha Yugas, I will be sleeping in the form of a boy. As you are afraid of the end of Kalpa (Kalpantha) I kept you in my stomache. Now you can go anywhere. Brahma will wake up from his sleep and create this world again". So saying, that boy disappeared.
I have seen all these things with my two eyes. That boy is no other than Lord Sri Krishna who is now your dearest friend and is by your side. It is as if that divine boy is now appearing before me in the form of Sri Krishna. With the blessings of Sri Krishna only, I was without fear during the end of Kalpa (Kalpantha). Now, at this moment, with the blessings of Lord Sri Krishna I could remember all those memories and tell you." Saint Markandeya explained about the end of Kalpa (Kalpantha) to Dharmaja.
Dharmaja again asked the saint "O Markandeya! I heard that much harm and hardship will be caused to Dharma during Kaliyuga. Kindly tell me about it" requested Dharmaja.
Saint Markandeya continued to tell the Dharma during Kaliyuga.
"Dharmajaa! Dharma will prevail four fould in Krutayuga. In Tretayuga Dharma will prevail threefold. In Dvaapara the Dharma will prevail twofold. In Kaliyuga only one part of Dharma will remain.
The dharma will further deteriorate during Kaliyuga. Adharma will prevail anywhere and everywhere. Human beings will have no regard to tell truth. The average life span of humans will be shortened. The education will be deteriorated. Due to lack of education and knowledge, delusion and infatuation will increase. Due to delusion greediness, due to greediness desires and lust will increase. Non fulfilment of the desires and lust will cause anger. Anger will lead to enemity. Due to enmity, differences will arise between castes. Due to those differences, there ensues intermixture of castes.
Violance will increase. Brahmins will leave Japa, penance, principles. Sudras will do penance. All the towns and cities will be filled with wild animals. Kings will become cruel. They lose their kingdoms. Kshatriyas will leave their vigour and valour and will do slavery. There will be no rains. No crops. No fruits.
Brahmins will leave their natural Dharma and will do business and cultivation. Nastikas will grow. People will be more mindful of their bodies. They never think of Papa and Punya. They lose their values. Rains will not come in proper seasons. Seeds will be useless. Fraud will prevail in purchases and sales. The mercants will alienate the ornaments offered as security.
Virtuous people and law abiding citizens will suffer with all kinds of diseases and they will meet untimely death. Law breakers and unworthy people will flourish with long life and prosperity. Unnecessary crops will grow in abundance.
In human beings, extra marital relations will prevail. The offerings made in annual ceremonies will be eaten away by others not by the concerned. Divine duties and annual ceremonies will not be performed according to the time and place.
Brahmins will never believe Vedas and God. They accuse Vedas, give away worshipping of god and performing divine activities and will remain as bad characters. People will respect those, who cheat ladies, disabled and relatives and alienate their properties; those who kill their parents and their own children and also those who lead wayward life. Brahmins will join hands with them ony for the sake of their money and luxuries.
The Kings who have to protect the properties and lives of the individuals, will grab their properties and ladies by force. The kings will quarrel among themselves and wage wars against each other. Thus the population will be decreased.
Sons will insult their parents. Wives will insult their husbands. Wives and husbands will quarrel with each other. They lead wayward life. Divine offerings and offerings to elders will not run smoothly. Learning of Vedas will vanish. The entire earth will be filled with bad characters. People will die even for 16 years. Ladies beget children even at the age of 7 or 8. Charities will disappear. People will cheat and rob each other.
Even the learned and wise also will do sinful acts. Food will be sold for money. Brahmins will sell Vedas for money. Sudras will be more powerful and kill others. Brahmins will fled away to four corners. Thiefs, robberers and decoits will rob the people.
While Sudras were chanting Vedas, Brahmins will hear them. Brahmins will become the Slaves of Sudras and do untowards acts.
In Kaliyuga, temples, brahmin houses, Ashrams will be abandoned. Drunkenness and debauchery will be at its highest peak. Students will never care for the teachers. Teacher will cheat his student. Relatives will never respect each other. There will be draught everywhere. People will be stricken with fear. Dharma will be destroyed. Adharma will flourish.
In this manner, Kaliyuga will come to an end. At that time, in a village called Sambala, Kalki will born in the name of Vishnu Yasa. He will learn all Vedas and Sastras and he will become the King and Emperor. He will kill all bad characters and will instal dharma. He will perform Asvamedha Yaga.
Again Kruta Yuga will start. Brahmins will resume their own Dharmas. Dharma will flourish with its four feet. Temples and Ashrams will attain their previous glory. Rains will come timely. Crops will grow in abundance. Human beings will prosper with long life. Again the Time wheel (Kala Chakra) will begin another round.
Therefore, Dharmaja! Never insult Brahmins. Do whatever they like. You will prosper for ever. Be kind towards all living beings. Rule your people with kindness and treat them as your own children. Punish all bad characters. Take care that ignorance will not grow its roots. Shed arrogance and selfishness. Always tell truth. You are born in Bharata Vamsa. You are well aware of all these things. I need not tell you again and again." said Markandeya.
"Mahatma! as per your preachings, I will shed greediness, selfishness, jealousy, arrogance and behave like a most virtuous individual. I will uphold Dharma for ever. I want to know about the power of Brahmins. Kindly tell me about it" asked Dharmaja. Markandeya continued to say:

"In the olden days, King Parikshit was ruling Ayodhya Kingdom. One day he went to forest for hunting. There he saw a beautiful lady. He fell in love with her.
"O beautiful lady! Who are you? Why are you wandering in this forest lonely?" asked the King.
"O king! I am unmarried. I am in search of a suitable husband." said beautiful lady.
"Will you marry me!"proposed the King.
"Sure. But you should never force me to enter into water for swimming".said the beautiful lady. The king agreed. Both married. King brought her to Ayodhya. Both were living happily.
One day, King Parikshit was strolling in the garden. King entered into a pond nearby. He was taking bath. He asked his wife also to enter the pond. She obeyed his word and entered into the water and disappeared. Immediately, he called his servants and ordered them to empty the pond. Beneath the pond there are innumerable frogs. The King thought that those frogs might have eaten away his wife. He issued orders to destroy all frogs in his kingdom. Accordingly, the soldiers were killing the frogs.
The leader of frogs was very much annoyed. He went to the king in the form of a Saint. He requested the king not to kill the frogs.
"No.Those frogs killed my wife. Hene I am killing the frogs" replied King.
"O King! listen to me. She is no other than my daughter. She cheated so many kings like you." said the leader of frogs.
"Then bring her to me" said the king. The leader of the frogs called his daughter. She came.
"You cheated so many kings like this. It is not proper. Your children will become cheaters and bad characters" the leader of frogs cursed his daughter and went away.
Later, through King Parikshit, she begot three sons viz., Sala, Nala and Vala. King Parikshit enthroned his eldest son Sala as the King and went to forest for penance.
One day, King Sala went to forest for hunting. He shot one deer. But it escaped and ran away. He asked his servants to chase it. The chariot driver told the king
"O King! We cannot chase that deer. Our horses are not so pwowerful. If we haveVamya horses, we can chase that animal." said the chariot driver.
"Where are they? Tell me? asked the king.
"They are available with Saint Vama Deva".said the Chariot Driver. Immediately, Sala went to saint Vamadeva.
"O saint! I hit one animal. It escaped. I want to chase that animal. Kindly give Vamya horses, available with you, for chasing that animal." asked Sala.
"O King! Take those horses. But return them soonafter your work is over" said the saint and gave the horses.
With the help of Vamya horses, King Sala chased the animal, killed it and returned back to his capital. But he never returned the horses to Saint Vamadeva.
As the King never returned the horses, Saint Vamadeva sent his student by name Atreya to King Sala to bring back the horses.
Accordingly, Atreya approached the King Sala "O King! you have taken horses from our Guru. You never returned them. If you return them in a friendly manner, I will take them back" said Atreya.
"What are you talking? No question of return of horses. You can go" replied King Sala.
Atreya returned back and reported what had happened. Saint Vama Deva himself approached the King Sala.
"O King! It is not proper on your part. Please return my horses as your work is over. How can you grab others property with greediness? How can you retain the things taken for temporary use? Does that not amount to committing theft? Such people will go to Hell." said Vamadeva.
"You are brahmin. Why you need horses? If you want I will give two bullocks for cultivation. Or I will give you two donkeys. But I will never return horses." said the King Sala.
"What are these words? Is it proper to take away brahmins property? How can you replace them? Is it dharma? Is it not a sin?" told Vamadeva.
King Sala grew angry. "Kill that Brahmin by stabbing him with spears." ordered the King.
Vama Deva grew angry. His face was reddish. Many soldiers came out of his face and killed the King Sala and his men. Vama Deva went away.
As King Sala was killed, his brother Nala became the king.
Again, after some time, Vamadeva approached King Nala.
"O King! I think you adopt Dharma. Please return my horses taken away by your brother" asked Vamadeva.
As usual, King Nala also grew angry. He called his servant " Bring a poisonous arrow to kill this Brahmin" said King Nala. Vama Deva smiled.
"O King! that arrow will kill your son" said Vamadeva. Immediately, hue and cry was heard from inside. The servants brought the dead body of his son.
King Nala shivered with anger. He took the bow and arrow to kill the Brahmin. But his hands were stuck to the bow and arrow and paralysed. The King's pride and anger and valour dropped down. He thought hat his power and vaolur are sheer waste before a brahmin. He prayed for mercy.
Vamadeva blessed the King. His hands became normal. His son regained life. The king Nala returned the horses to Vama deva.
Dharmaja! that is the power of a Brahmin." said Markandeya.
Again Dharmaja got another doubt. "O saint Mankandeya! You are eternal. Is there any body who is more older than you." asked Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! In the past, there was a king by name Indradyumna. Due to the Punya he acquired, he enjoyed divine pleasures for a long time in heaven. As his Punya vanished, he was sent to earth.
Indradyumna met me and asked me whether I know him.
"Indradyumna! I do not know who are you. There is an owl called Praavaara Karna living in Himalayas. It is much older than me. You can ask it" I replied.
Indradyumna asked me to follow him to Himalayas. I said I cannot follow him due to my old age. He transformed into a horse and carried me on his back.
We both went to Himalayas and approached Praavaarakarna. Indradyumna put the same question to Praavaarakarna.
"I am sorry. I do not know who are you. But there is a crane called Naadee Jangha. It is older than me. It may be knowing you" replied Praavaara Karna.
Indradyumna, along with me and Praavaara Karna approached Naadee Jangha and put the same question to it.
"I also do not know who are you. But there is one tortoise clled Koopaara. It is much older than me. Kindly ask that tortoise" replied Koopaara.
Then all of us went to Koopaara. Indradyumna put the same to tortoise also.
"Yes. I know Indradyumna. He was a great virtuous king. He saved me from many troubles. He performed many Yajnas. He gave many cows to Brahmins as charity." said the tortoise.
On hearing these words, the divine bodies brought a divine plane. "Indradyumna! You acquired much Punya. You will remain in heaven for ever permanently. You have to follow us to heaven" requested the Devatas.
"Not now. First I have to drop my friends at their respective places and then come to heaven as they have followed me in search of this truth." said Indradyumna.
Accordingly, Indradyumna dropped all of us at our respective places and then followed the Divine bodies to Heaven." explained Markandeya to Dharmaja.
"O Saint Markandeya! I heard that one Kuvalayaasva born in Ishvaaku Dynasty, was called as Dhundhumaara. I want to know how he got that name. Kindly tell me" asked Dharmaja.
Markandeya continued to say:
"One saint Udanka performed Tapassu about Maha Vishnu. Maha Vishnu appeared before him and asked him "what do you want?".
"O Vishnu! your presence before me itself is a boon for me. Kindly bless me that my mind should always think about Truth, Dharma, Sama. I should always think about you. Kindly bless me accordingly" prayed Udanka.
"Udanka! you will attain highest knowledge and wisdom. You have to discharge one divine duty. One demon called Dhumdhu is causing much harm and hardship to the people and divine bodies. You have to take the help of Kuvalayaasva to kill Dhumdhu. He is only king capable to kill that demon. All the people feel happy." Maha Vishnu disappeared. Udanka continued his tapassu.
Dharamaja! I will tell you about Kuvalayaasva. He was born in Ishvaaku dynasty. Ishvaaku was a great king. His son was Anena. Prudhu was the son of Anena. Prudhu's son of Vishvaga. Aardhru was the son of Vishvaga. His son was Yavanaasva. Yavanaasva's son was Sraavastha. Sraavastha's son was Bruhadasvu. The son of Bruhadasva was Kuvalayaasva. Kuvalayaasva got 21,000 sons. All are strong and ablebodied.
Bruhadasva desired to make Kuvalayasva as King and go to forest for penance. On hearing this, Udanka approached Bruhadasva.
"O King Bruhadasva! You have to rule the people for some more time and protect them. Then only, Sadhus like us will be protected. It is your duty. In the past, there were two demons called Madhu and Kaitabha. Their son is Dhumdhum. He got the blessings of Brahma. He is now sleeping in a sand cave near our Ashram. Due to his breathing activity, the sand storms and smoke is created and causing hardship for our ashramam. You have to kill him and protect our ashram. Even Maha Vishnu agreed to lend his powers for killing this demon. Therefore, you have to kill him. After that, you can go to forest for penance" requested Udanka.
"O Saint Udanka! I will send my son Kuvalayaasva to kill that demon. Kindly permit me to go to forest" prayed Bruhadasva. Udanka agreed." said Markandeya.
Now Dharmaja asked Markandeya about Madhu and Kaitabha.
"Dharmaja! while the entire world was inundated in waters, Maha Vishnu was in Yoga Nidra (Divine sleep) on Adi Seshu. After some time, two demons by name Madhu and Kaitabha were teasing the Devatas and casuing much hardship. They even teased Lord Brahma. Brahma raised hue and cry. Maha Vishnu woke up from his Divine sleep. He heard about Madhu and Kaitabha and their atrocities.
Immediately, Maha Vishnu approached the demons Madhu and Kaitabha. "I am very happy to know about your vigour and valour. Ask me what do you want. I will give" said Maha Vishnu.
The demons smiled at Vishnu. "We ourselves are capable of giving boons to you. You choose for yourself" said Madhu and Kaitabha with pride.
"Dont go back on your word. I am asking you a boon. I wish you both should die in my hands" said Maha Vishnu.
Madhu and Kaitabha astonished.
"Yes.. We wont go back on our word. We give our lives. But you have to kill us where there is no water" said those demons.
At that time the entire earth was filled with water. Then Maha Vishnu put them on his thighs and killed them by cutting their heads with his Chakra. That was the story of Madhu and Kaitabha.
Now, we will come to the story of Dhumdhum, son of Madhu and Kaitabha. As per the wish of Udanka, Bruhadasva sent his son Kuvalayaasva to wage war against Dhumdhum.
Kuvalayaasva's sons dug all the sand and found Dhumdhum sleeping underneath. With great difficulty Kuvalayaasva's sons woke him up. Kuvalayaasva's sons and Dhumdhum fought with each other violently. In that fight, all the sons of Kuvalayaasva except three were killed. Kuvalayaasva grew angry. He fought with Dhumdhum. Kuvalayaasva killed Dhumdhum with Brahmaastra. From then onwards, Kuvalaayaasva was called and Dhumdhumaara.
All the divine bodies, Sages and Saints gathered there and asked Kuvalayaasva to choose anything.
"Please bless me with greatest devotion on Maha Vishnu and Brahmins and I should have wealth and power to make charities to Brahmins uninterruptedly" Dhumdhumaara requested them.
The divine bodies and Sages and Saints blessed him accordingly. Then Kuvalayaasva went back to his capital and ruled his people to the pleasure of one and all."concluded Markandeya.

Ugrasravasa, son of Romaharsha (Sooti--the Story Teller) continued to say the story of Mahabharat to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints at NaimiSaaranya while performing Satra yaga.
Dharmaja requested Saint Markandeya
“O Saint! I want to hear the stories of great women who worshipped their husbands. I also want to know while begetting children, who will suffer much, either father or mother? What is the responsibility of the son towards his parents? How a person who was born in a low caste will attain Punya Lokas, eligible for more virtuous people? Kindly explain me all these things in detail” requested Dharmaja.
Saint Markandeya continued to say:
“Dharmaja!Mother will bear the child in her womb for nine months. Even if she knows that it is dangerous to her life, she will deliver the child. Father will perform all kinds of Yajnas, Yagas, charities, Vratas etc to beget children. Therefore, for the sake of a son, both mother and father will equally strive hard.
Afterbegetting a son, every parent will aspire that their son will be a virtuous man with good habits and have devotion towards them.
Similarly, it is the duty of the son to fulfil the aspirations of his parents and he will be a real son.
Ladies should always respect their husbands and be loyal and faithful towards them. I will tell you one story.
Once, there lived a brahmin called Kousika. He was a very virtous person. He did Tapassu. One day, he was sitting under a tree and was chanting Vedas with great devotion.
At that time, one crane, sitting on a branch of the tree, put shit on him. Kousika grew angry. He looked at the crane with great anger. As a result, the crane fell down and died.
Kousika felt sad about it. “Oh I am a cruel man. Due to my anger, this crane died. I committed great sin.” he cried aloud.
At noon time, he went into the nearby village for alms. He stood in front of a brahmin house and asked for food. The House wife who was inside the house was washing the dish to serve food to Kousika.
In the meanwhile, her husband arrived and asked her to serve food as he was hungry. Immediately, she put hot water for his bathing, served him food, arranged bed and she was caressing his legs gently. After her husband slept, she again washed the dish, and brought food for Kousika.
Kousika grew angry. “O Lady! What is this? You are so proud. You insulted me. You would have told me to go away when I asked for alms. Why you made me to to wait for such a long time. Why you insulted me?” shouted Kousika.
“While bringing food for you, my husband arrived. He was hungry. My duty is to look after my husband and his needs first. That is the reason for delay. It is not my wanton mistake. Kinldy execuse me. Be patient.” requested House wife humbly.
“What! What do you say! Is your husband more respectable than a brahmin. Do you insult Brahmins? Even Devendra himself will worship Brahmins? After all who are you?You insulted Brahmins with great pride. If Brahmins are insulted, their anger will destroy the entire world. You should know it” shouted Kousika.
“I know much about Brahmins and their power and anger. One Brahmin cursed that sea water is not consumable. Another Brahmin burnt away Dandakaaranya! Another brahmin digested Vaataapi in his stomache. I heard all the stories about Brahmins and their power. Why should I insult such Brahmins and invite troubles.
But, as far as I am concerned, my husband is my God. I worship my husband with my mind, word and deeds. I dont find a greater Dharma than this.
O Brahmin Kousika! I know your anger. Due to your anger, one crane also died. I could know this with the power derived by me by worshipping my husband. Hence, it is not proper on your part to be angry upon me.
In everybody’s mind, two great enemies are staying. They are Krodha and Mohaa. Unless they are suppressed, Brahmins cannot attain greatness.Whoever always speaks truth, observe non-violance, worship his parents and teachers, conquer his senses, treat all men like his own men, observe Dharma and does his deeds without passion, such a person will be worshipped as a true Brahmin by all people.For such a Brahmin, his character, his learning Vedas, his virtuous life will be his valuable assets and riches. These are the Dharmas spoken in Vedas.
Dharma is of many kinds. Dharma is subtle. You have learnt Vedas only. But you do not the subtle dharma. Therefore, you have to go to Mithila City. There you can find a person called Dharma Vyadha, a meat vendor, who conquered his senses, always speaks truth, worship his parents with great devotion. You learn from him the subtlety of Dharma. All your doubts will be cleared. I am a lady. I have no such knowledge and intelligence. Therefore, you have to pardon me for my lapses” said the House wife.
“Maa! I became wiser with your words. Now my mind is peaceful. I wish you all the best. Let me go to Midhila” so saying he proceeded to Mithila.
While going, he wondered how she could know about the death of Crane due to his anger. He deeply repented for scolding her in a fit of anger.
He reached the city of Midhila. He enquired about Dharma Vyadha. At last, he could locate his meat shop. Dharma Vyadha was selling meat to customers. Being Brahmin, Kousika could not relish that scene. He stood by the side of the shop.
Dharma Vyadha saw Kousika. Immediately he approached Kousika and bowed before him.
“O GreatMan, I know that at the instance of that virtuous lady, you have come over here. I am very happy. Let us go to my house” so saying Dharma Vyadha led Kousika to his house.
Kousika again wondered how this meat -vendor could know about that virtuous lady and the conversation between them. Dharma Vyadha washed the feet of Kousika, gave cool water and offered him a comfortable seat to relax.
Then Kousika asked Dharma Vyadha “You know all Dharmas. Is it just and proper on your part to kill animals and sell the meat? Is it Dharma?
Dharma vyadha replied: “O Kousika! for Brahmins, learning Vedas, Tapassu, speaking truth, Cleanliness, Brahmacharya are the Dharmas to be adopted; for Kshatriyas-- vigour and valour; for Vysyas--agriculture, rearing of cattle, business are their utmost Dharmas. Similarly, for us selling meat is our Dharma. It is our hereditary business. I am also following the same Dharma.
King Janaka is the king of Midhila. He follows Kshatriya Dharma strictly. Under his rule, everybody should follow his own Dharma. Otherwise, he will not spare his own son. Therefore, I wont leave my own Dharma of selling meat.Though I am selling meat, I will never kill any animal. I will purchase meat in the market and resell the same to my customers and I am living with that money with full contentment.
I will always be humble. I will worship my teachers, elders, guests, Brahmins and deities. I will observe truth and cleanliness. I will give charities to my might. I never feel jealous about others. I will never aspire for anything. I will never find faults with others. I will observe fasting periodically, take limited food. I am married and live only with one wife and meet her only in fertile days. I will never feel happy for flattering. I will never feel sad if anybody curses me. Though I am born in a low caste, I am pure. It is not boasting about myself. As I have to tell you something, I told you.
You have come here to know about Dharma. I will explain as far as my knowledge goes. Living without leaving his Kula Dharma is the Utmost Dharma. Kind-heartedness is a great virtue. The people in the outside world are having several views. We have to respect`others`views`and live with`patience.`
Charity`is a great virtue. Everybody should` observe`it.`One`should always`speak`truth and respect elders. Wants are common`to human beings. But while fulfilling` their`desires one should`follow Dharma.
We have`to feel` good and bad equally.` Helping` those`who`even caused harm`to you is`a greatest virtue. `Whoever`causes harm`to others he`will burn himself with his own sin. One need not punish him separately.
Whoever says that there is no God or that Vedas are not correct are Nastikas. They always critise Dharma. We should never believe those words and leave our Dharma. If anybody commits a sin and if he repents for his own sin, half of his sin will be vanished. If he decides for himself that he will never commit such a sin, the rest of the sin will vanish.
All the sins committed by human beings arise out of Greediness and anger. If any one conquers the greediness and anger, he will be considered to be a great man. Generally, we see some grass or plants grown on deep waters and deep wells, resembling that it is flat ground. Similarly, all bad things always appear to be very good things. One should not be attracted towards those bad things. One should always follow virtuous customs.” said Dharma Vyadha.
Now Kousika intervened and asked Dharmavyadha “What are the virtuous customs?” asked Kousika.
Dharmavyadha continued to say: “Giving charities, always speaking truth, doing penance, performing Yagnas, being good towards others, shedding anger, jealousy and pride, keeping our senses under control, always feeling happiness, learning Vedas, leading simple life, not feeling distressfor each and everything, leading virtuous life, performing pilgrimages, observing cleanliness, kindness towards others, less talking, speaking good, giving shelter to those who approaches us, all these are called virtuous customs to be observed by one and all.
Oh great man Kousika! the happiness you derive in leading virtuous life without jealousy, you will never get in other paths of life. Therefore, one should lead life with kind heart, by observing above virtues, respecting teachers and elders, learning Vedas and cross the ocean which contains crocodiles like wants, anger, delusion. Those are said to be great people.
Amongst all Dharmas, nonviolence is a great dharma. It should be observed coupled with Truth. In virtuous customs, Truth is primary virtue.
There are three kinds of Dharmas. Dharma accepted by Veda; Dharma accepted by scriptures, and Dharma as per virtuous customs and practice. One who studied Vedas, one who followed virtuous path of life, climbs the building of wisdom, looks at the outside world which is drowned in silt and laughs at it.
Just now, you asked me whether I am following the path of violance. Kindly tell me who can distinguish whether this is violance and this is non-violance. For the birth and death of a living being, the deeds in the previous birth are the main cause. One who kills is simply a tool. Fruits, roots, herbs, leaves, animals are meant for eating by living beings.This is acceptable by Vedas. How can we say that it is not correct?
Emperor Sibi cut his own flesh and offered to an eagle(Indra). Did he not attain Punya Lokas? Similarly, King Ranti Deva daily killed thousands of cows and prepared simptuous food and served it to poor. He also attained Punya Lokas. Besides that, during Yajnas and Yagas, cows will be killed as offerings. Therefore, simply consuming meat as food does not amount to killing. Even in annual ceremonies performed in memory of elders, we are serving meat as food to Brahmins and eat the remaining meat. It is an acceptable Dharma.
While farmers are ploughing the land, several ants, insects are being killed. Is it not killing? While we are walking, several insects are being killed under our feet without our knowledge. Is it also called killing? This should be judged by each individual by himself.
It is a fact, that water, earth and space are filled with living beings visible or invisible. Therefore, in every act of ourselves, killing is must. Without killing, one cannot live on the earth. But some are in the illusion that they never kill any living being.
Even the sages and saints who are living in forests and observing penance, also believe that they never kill any living being. But they are daily cutting and consuming fruits, leaves, roots etc. Does it not amount to killing? Because, even in leaves, fruits, and roots, life is there. Therefore, there are none on this earth who never killed any life. What all we have to do is we should never kill any thing knowingly or voluntarily. This amounts to non-violance.
Dharma is multi-faceted. It is very subtle. Highly difficult to understand and digest. Therefore, we have to know Dharma from studying Vedas, from customs and practice followed by our elders. Speaking Truth is a greatest virtue.
But speaking a lie to save the life of a living being is greater than speaking truth. Speaking truth which causes hardship to any living being is equivalent to speaking a lie. Speaking a lie to save the life of a human being or animal while their lives are in danger, or during marriages, is equivalent to speaking truth. These are the suttle dharmas.
Whether it is good or bad, one should follow his own profession of his caste. Because that is the mandate of God.
We have to suffer the result of our deeds done in our previous birth.Nobody can escape that. But some foolish people while they are in troubles, always blame God that God is responsible for his woes.
Similarly, all human beings think that they themselves are doing all these acts and deeds and without them nothing will hapen. This is ignorance. If he does everything wisely and correctly, all such acts and deeds should yield good results. But it is not like that. Some of the deeds and acts done by most virtuous, wise and intelligent people are not yielding good results. But the acts done by bad and cruel minded people are yielding good results.
For some people, even without doing any thing, they will get more wealth and victory. But for some people, even if they toil hard they will not get any favourable result. In the same way, the poorest and penniless will beget children even if they dont want to have. But for rich and wealthy people, even if they perform Vratas and worship many Gods, give their entire wealth to poor as charity, they will never beget a single child.Why all this is happening? It is only due to the good and bad results of their acts and deeds done in their previous births.
If the human beings think that they are not bound by their deeds in their previous births and that they can do what ever they like and in their own way, they should all live happily without any diseases and deaths. But it is not like that. Therefore, we are taking the present birth as a result of our deeds in our previous births.The duties we have to perform also will be determiend by our Karma. Soon after we leave this body, we will go in search of another body according to our karma.
Now I will tell about Jeeva. Jeevaa is pure, eternal and ancient. He will remain for ever. No sin will touch Jeeva.According to the acts done in previous births, Jeeva will atain Deha (physical body). Jeeva will remain in that Deha (body) for some time. The body will die. But the eternal Jeeva will never die. After leaving this body, the Jeeva will get another body according to Karma done in previous births. In that body, he will undergo both happiness and sorrow. Like this, this Jeeva will entangle in many bodies.
O saint Kousika! Now I will tell you about the body attachments as a result of our good and bad deeds (Punya and Papa) in previous births.
If we attain Punya, we will get divinity. If we attain some Punya and soma Papa, we will get human body. If we commit only Papas, we will take birth as animals, insects etc. In this way, the Jeeva will be getting body by body and births and deaths continuously like swimming an ocean. He will never reach the coast.
One who knows about this, he will never commit Papa and does only good deeds and attain Punya, will shed pride, arrogance, jealousy, and egoism and will lead a virtuous life. By observing Dharma always, his mind will be pure. He will know that these desires and sensual pleasures are useless. He will do Tapassu, control his senses, speak always truth and attain divinity.
Now Kousika entertained a doubt. "Dharmavyadha! Kindly tell me what are senses and what will happen if we do not control them? What will happen if we control them?” asked Kousika.
Now Dharmavyadha continued to say: “While we are acting in outside world, we will gather some Vishayas. Mind is root cause for this gathering. The mind is always filled with Wants, desires and anger. Those wants and anger will make us to do some good bad deeds with our sense organs. A human being under the influence of Desires and Anger will be craving for sensual pleasures. Out of desires, greediness will emerge. Greedy man will always be unkind towards others. To fulfill his desires, he will be committing countless sins. He wil never heed any good words. He will always be amidst of bad characters. He thinks one, speaks one and does one. No correlation between one and the other. Such human will always be drowned in sad and sorrow. Therefore, human beings should always follow the path of awareness and shed the sensual pleasures.
O Saint Kousika! You asked me how to conquer senses. I am not eligible to tell you about Brahma. You are a great Brahmin. If you desire, I have no other go but to tell. After saluting all the Great Brahmins, I will tell you about Brahma. Kinldy listen to me carefully” Dharma Vyadha continued to say about Brahma.
“Sky, air, fire, water and earth are five elements. (Pancha Bhootas). These elements have got the characteristics of sound, touch, form, taste and smell. From sky all the other elements will take form in ascending order. Again they will merge one with the other, in descending order. From sky--air, from air--fire, from fire--water, from water--earth. Again earth will merge with water, water with fire, fire with air and air will merge into sky.
At the inception, the sky was without any bounds. Complete darkness. hollowness. From the sky there emerged mighty air with greatest speed. With the combination of the elements and gases in the air, water was formed. When that water was frozen, ice islands and dust clouds were formed. When they were transformed into rocks, this earth was formed. Later the entire earth will be merged in water. severe draught. Hot sun. The entire water will evaporate and transformed into mighty air and merge in the sky.This cycle will be going on forever.
You know that hearing with ears, taste with tongue, seeing with eyes, smelling with nose and feeling with skin are the main works of sense organs.The qualities of Pancha Bhootas (five elements) viz., sound, touch,form,taste and smell are the qualities of sense organs.The root cause for sense organs is mind. There are two more. They are wisdom and selfishness. Total 8.
Satva, Rajas, Tama -- these three qualities are hidden in every human being. This entire world was created from out of nothing and invisible and will again merge into nothing and invisible. Invisible means not to be seen. Not to been seen by eyes, not to be thought by mind.
But this invisibility is manifested in various forms, in both sexes, during our daily acts. In this manner, human beings are able to manifest the invisible. Though it is invisible, but in our thoughts, in our acts, it is manifested in different forms.
The human being is influenced by these five elements viz., sound, touch, taste, form and scent and is addicted to luxurious and wayward life. Hence, the human being shall keep his senses under his control and acquire knowledge and intelligence.Once he attains the knowledge, he will see innerself in each and everybody. This is Tapassu.Turning our mind from sensual pleasures towards highest knowledge itself is complete renunciation. For such a person, there is nothing to be done in this world.
Heaven means controlling our senses from sensual pleasures. If we are unable to control, it is hell.
{The following is the saying in Adharva Veda.
“na mOkshO nabhasaha| napaataaLE na bhootalE |
sarvaaSaasamkshayE chEtaha| kshayO mOksha iteeryatE||
It means Moksha is not either in the sky(AaakaaSa) or deep inside the earth (paataaLa)nor even on this earth. Controlling our mind and averting it from sensual pleasures itself is MOksha.}
Contentment without greediness itself is heaven (svarga). If we crave for each and everything in this world, doing all untoward acts to accomplish our desires, committing sins thus subjecting our mind to sorrow, is itself a real hell.
Our body is a chariot. Our senses are horses. Our Aatma is the driver. Our courage is our reins. A human being shall control his mind, hold the reins, control his sense organs and the speed, and drive the chariot in a safe path. He himself is a real hero.
We are, day in and day out, acting in the outside world. Wherever we go, out mind also will follow us. It is natural. If we are unable to control our sense organs, our intellect will be spoiled. Therefore, whoever controls his sense organs he is a great intellectual.
Now I will tell about Tri Guna (three characterstics). They are satva, rajas, tama. Of those, Tamas is lowest of all and blameworthy. Satva is highest of all and fit for acquiring knowledge and wisdom. Rajas is the admixture of both Satva and Tamas.
Ugly figure, always drowsy, with sorrowful face, and with uncountable desires, illusion on those desires, restlessness. These are the qualities of Tamas.
Over love and affection, desirous of having each and everything, greediness, unable to do his own works, depending on others even for small works,egoism. These are the qualities of Rajas.
Courage, peace, kindness, happiness, interest in learning. These are the qualifies of Satva.
A satvik individual will always acquire knowledge and wisdom. He knows pretty well that what all we see are not true. He will shed all desires. He will be above all. He will suppress his ego and control his senses. He will attain eternal peace.
A satvik individual, though he was born as Sudra, in the next birth, he will born as Vysya and in the next birth as Kshatriya and in the final birth as Brahmin and will attain the Kaivalya (eternal happiness).” said Dharmavyadha.
“In this body, how fire will emanate. In our body, what are the locations of gases. Kindly tell me” asked Kousika.”
"O Kousika! In our body, the Praana fire called Aatma is extended upto our head. The basis for this Atman is navel. This Atma fire is extended from navel upto head. In this fire, Praana Vaayuvu will be running. This is called life. Both Praana Vaayu and Apaana vaayu will foment Praana Fire. In a human being, this Apaana is located in between lower stomach and anus. This will emit waste material and waste water from our body. Udaana Vaayu is located in our neck. It controls our power of actions in our body.Vyaana Vaayu is located in all joints in our body like neck, hands, knees, fingers etc. The last one is Samaana Vaayu. It will digest the food we eat and assimilate it in our blood and send the waste into Apaana. This samaana vaayu is located at navel.This samaana will look after all elements in our body.
Only Great Sages and Saints will know about this Aatma Agni and these Praana, apaana, vyaana, udaana, samaana vaayus.With their constant practice, those Yogis will keep their Aatma in their forehead.
This fire moving in Praana, Apaana and Samaana Vayus is called Jeevaatma.This Jeevaatma will be moving in our body as a lotus leaf in the water. He will not be tainted with any of the good and bad deeds done by the individual. After leaving this body, this Jeevaatma will become Paramaatma.This Paramaatma enters this body as Jeevaatma and will make this lifeless body as Chaitanya. That Paramatma is the Creator of the entire Universe. All the Great Sages and Saints and wise people will recognise the Jeevaatmas in each and every individual, animals and insects as Paramatma.
O Kousika! now I will tell you how this Brahma Vidya will be put in practice. A wise man will never feel either happiness or sorrow. He will never show any interest in both. He will be above happiness and sorrow, likes and dislikes, heat and cold etc. Such virtuous people will take timely food, conquer their senses, does Yoga, and have inner sight and will see Paramatma in his Jeevaatma and attain eternal happiness.
Therefore, Kousika! always shed lust, desire and anger. This is safe. We have to discharge our duties in our day to day life. But we should not show any kind of interest towards the result of our Karmas. We have to shed the results of our Karma. Wise men will always act in the outside world but never aspire for any result. That is the wise path.
Our lives are not eternal and constant. We should move friendly with all. We should be kind towards others. We should content with all what we have. We should not aspire for other wealth. We have to conquer our senses. Those will attain eternal happiness.
O Kousika! I told you what all you have asked. Whatelse you require to be heard” asked Dharmavyadha.
“I learnt many things from you. I have become wiser. Now I know that you are learned” said Kousika.
“You said that I am learned. The root cause for my becoming learned is only one Dharma. I will let you know about it” so saying Dharma Vyadha took Kousika inside his house.
In side the house, in a spacious room, his father and mother were sitting in a comfortable couch. Dharmavyadha bowed before them and asked them about their welfare.
They replied “O my son! while we are having a son like you, whatelse we want. The path of Dharma you are following will always protect you. Due to you, our entire Vamsa became pure and perfect. You are a divine soul in the form of a humanbeing. You are worshipping us more than Parasuraama.” said his father. Dharmavyadha introduced Kousika to his parents.His parents enquired Kousika about his welfare.
Dharmavyadha told Kousika “These are my parents. I beame learned only by serving my parents. All will worship all Gods. I do not know other Gods. My parents are my Gods. I offer them daily fruits and food and clothes. I serve my parents along with my wife and children. My service to my parents is my Yajna.Those who worship their parents, Guru, Fire and their own soul are more virtuous people.
You have come here at the instance of that virtuous lady.I told you what all I know. But I do not like you. Because, your parents have become old. There are none to lookafter them except you. But you left them alone and came away to study Vedas. While coming, you did not even obtain their permission.
You studied Vedas and acquired much knowledge but you behaved towards your parnts cruelly. I do not like that. For your sake, your parents wept and became blind. Don’t you know that? Even now, you please go to your parents and wipe their tears. All the knowledge you acquired by studying Vedas and the Punya you acquired have become waste as you have neglected your parents. Please go and serve your parents. Wish you all the best” said Dharmavyadha.
"You are right. I will go back to my parents and serve them rest of my life. Due to my fortune, I got a friend like you. I am very happy. You taught me many things and I beame pure due to your teachings. All will not get the path of Dharma in this world. One in ten thousand only will follow the path of Dharma. Even that is doubtful. There are none who followed the path of Dharma like you. I never treat you as Sudra. You know past and future. Kindly tell me the reason for this Sudra birth.” asked Kousika.
“Sure I will tell you about my previous birth. In my previous birth, I was a Brahmin. I studied Vedas. One prince was my friend. I also learnt archery. One day, myself and the prince went to forest for hunting.We both killed many animals.The arrow which was released by me hit a saint who was sitting by the side of a bush. He fell down and was rolling on the ground with pain.
“You were born as Brahmin but you are acting like a Kshatriya. You will take birth as a hunter who kills animals.” cursed that Saint.”
I bowedbefore him and prayed “O Saint! It is a mistake done by me. I have not hit you voluntarily. Kindly pardon me”
He showed mercy on me. “My Saapa is irrevocable. Even if you take birth as hunter, but you lead your life as a learned man. You serve your parents and lead a virtuous life. As you will be serving your parents, you will have the knowledge of your previous birth. In the next birth, you will born as a Brahmin.” said that saint.
Then I took out the arrow from the body of the saint and took him to his Ashram and applied medicine to his wounds. He was out of danger. But I got this hunter birth” said Dharmavyadha.
“Even if you are born as a hunter, you are behaving as a Brahmin.No doubt, you are a Brahmin. Even if a person is born as a Brahmin, if he commits sins, he is worst than a Sudra. Even if a person was born as a Sudra, if he follows the path of Truth, cleanliness and virtue, he is equivalent to a good brahmin.
Dont feel sad that you have taken birth as a hunter.By virtue of our good and bad deeds, we will get good and bad life. But very leanred men will feel both of them equally. They drive away bad things by doing good things.
Foolish men will always feel seriously sad if any untoward thing happens. With that, out mental agony will increase. Therefore, wisemen never feel sad when they are in troubles. Similarly, they never feel overjoy whenever they get favourable results.
We should not feel sorry for the past and future deeds. We should always feel happy. If a person is in sorrowful mood, he cannot even perform good deeds because he loses his wisdom. Therefore, one should not feel depressed while in troubles and should try to get rid of those troubles. Therfore, treat all alike and be a wise man” consoled Kousika.
After taking leave from Dharma Vyadha, Kousika proceeded to his place and looked after his parents and served them rest of his life.
Therefore, Dharmaja! I told you about the virtuous ladies who serve their husbands, virtuous people who serve their parents, and how a person born in low caste also follow the virtuous path.” told saint Markandeya.
(MAHA BHARAT – ARANYA PARVA – PANCHAMAASVAASA –
(FIFTH CHAPTER IN PART).
"O markandeya Maharshi, with your grace, I could hear many things from you. But I heard that Agni performed a penance. Why he performed that penance? How Angeerasa was transformed into Agni? Kindly tell me about the kinds of Agni." requested Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya continued to say:
"Dharmaja listen carefully. Agni is havya vaahana, because he carries all the Havis' offered to divine bodies in Yajnas and Yaagaas and deliver the Havis to the divine bodies. He was perfoming this duty since times immemorial. He was fed up with this duty.He did not like this job. He went to forest and was doing Tapassu. His body was deteriorated.
One day he repented for his acts. "What is this? Why I came over to forest neglecting my duties. Without Agni what will happen to this world. Will it become inanimate without Agni? Suppose if it happens like that, will Lord Brahma appoint another Agni to perform my duties. No. I should not remain here. I should immedately resume my duties".
Immediately he returned to his original place. By that time, Lord Brahma appointed Angeerasa as Agni to perform the duties of original Agni and Angeerasa was performing the duties of Agni effectively.
Agni was afraid of Angeerasa. He returned back. Angeerasa saw him.
"O Sacred Agni! You are divine. You have to drive the darkness of the entire world. First you were appointed by Brahma to perform the duties of Agni. Please take back your post. I am wholeheartedly requesting you to resume your duties. I cannot remain in this post" requested Angeerasa.
" For the present, all the people in three lokas are worshipping you as Agni. The post of Agni is yours and I am not fit to hold that post. As you are requesting, you act as First Agni. I will act as second agni as Praajaapaatya agni" said Agni.
"O Agni! please don't speak like that. You are always the First Agni. That Honor is yours always.You accept me as your son" requested Angeerasa.
Agni accepted this proposal. In this manner, Angeerasa shone as the son of Agni and also as secondary agni viz., praajaapatya agni.
Angeerasa, through his wife Siva, begot seven sons and seven daughters. Samya was born to Bruhaspati, son of Angeerasa. While performing Yagas, Havis will be offered to Samya.
Samya through his wife Satya, begot two sons viz., Bharadvaaja and Bharata and one daughter Bharati. Veera was the son of Bharadwaja. Bhaanu was the son of Veera. Niscyavana was the son of Bhanu. Nishkruti was the son of Nischyavana. Rujaskara was the son of Nishruti. Krodha was the son of Rujaskara. Rasa was the son of Krodha. Svaahaa was the daughter and Kama was the son of KroDha. Amogha was the son of Kama and Suktha was the son of Amogha.
Five saints by name Kashyapa, Vaasishta, Praana, Angeerasa, Chyavana were performing penance with a desire to beget a powerful son. They begot one son. His head looked like fire. Hands resembled Sun. His eyes were shining like gold. His body was in Black colour. But he was having good physique. As he was born to five fathers, he was called as "Pancha Janya".
He performed penance for ten thousand years. Bruhadrantharas were born from out of his head; Hari was born from his face; Siva was born from his naval; Indra was born from out of his strength; gas and agni were born from his life; all the elements in the world were born from out of his shoulders and teeth.
An Agni called "Tapa" performed penance and begot 15 sons. But they became cheaters. They were divided into three groups, five each, and they were stealing the fruits of Yajnas and due to that, the Brahmins have to perform Santi Homa often. But the Brahmins were threatening them with their miracle power.
Besides the above 15 sons, Tapa got five more sons. Of them, the first son Vaisvaanara was being worshipped by Brahmins in Chaaturmaasya Vratas. The second son was Visvapati who became the Ruler of the entire universe. The third one was Visvaka and the fourth one was Visvabhuk who digests the food consumed by all the living beings. The fifth son was Gopati who was the root cause for all the Acts of Dharma.
Bhanu, the Agni, begot six sons and one daughter. Purandhara Agni begot a son called Manu. Manu married Nisa. That Manu also was called Praajaapatya. In this manner, several kinds of Agnis were the root cause for all the Acts of Dharma.
Agni was born to Aapa and Mudita. This Agni was performing all the day to day affairs in all the three lokas. He was receiving the Havis during Yajnas and Yaagas and delivering to all the divine bodies. He was also very much tired.
He told to Adharva "Adharva! You know I am daily receiving Havis and delivering to Devatas. I am very much tired. I request you to perform these duties hereinafter".
So saying Agni handed over his duties to Adharva and went under the sea. Unable to find Agni anywhere, Devatas were searching for Agni. In the meanwhile, the fish in the sea revealed the whereabouts of Agni to Devatas. Agni was furious against fish community
"Your fish community will be mercilessly killed and eaten by humanbeings." cursed Agni.
All the Devatas approached Agni and requested him to resume his duties. But Agni did not agree and left his body and entered the earth. His physical body fell on the earth. From out of the body of Agni many elements came out.
From out of pus, phosphorous was created. From out of bones, devadaaru trees were created and so on.
Agni was performing penance inside the earth. Adharva was performing the duties of Agni. All the divine bodies were worshipping Adharva as Agni. Agni could not tolerate this. His heart was filled with jealousy. He came out and resumed his duties as Agni and started delivering Havis offered in Yajnas and Yaagaas to divine bodies.
O Dharmaja! in this manner, several agnis were created but what we worship only one Agni." said Saint Markandeya.
"O Saint Markandeya! Kindly explain me how MahaSena i.e., Kumaarswami became the son of Agni, Krittikas and also Lord Siva." asked Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya continued to say:
"Once, Devendra fought with Rakshasas and was defeated. Devendra was sitting on a hill called Manasa and was thinking how to conquer Rakshasas. At that time, he heard a female voice "save me save me". Devendra went towards that direction.
He saw a demon called Kesi, dragging a lady forcibly. Devendra chased him with his Vajraayudha. On seeing Devendra, Kesi left that lady and fled away.
"Who are you? How you are caught by this demon?" asked Devendra.
"My name is Devasena. My elder sister is Daitya Sena. We both are the daughters of Arishtanemi Prajapati. While we were playing here, this demon came near us and teased us with his sexy gestures. My elder sister liked those gestures. I did not like it. That demon took away my elder sister along with him. But he also teased me and also tried to kidnap me. At that time you saved me" said Devasena.
"Sister! your mother and my mother are the daughters of Daksha. Therefore, I am your brother. Tell me what do you want?".
"O brother Devendra! from my child hood my father used to tell me that a famous valiant hero will become my husband. You have to make those words true. Therefore, please present me a valiant hero who will not be defeated either my Devatas or Rakshasas and who will be the saviour of three lokas and whom you like, as my husband.
Devendra was thinking aloud "Today is Amaavaasya (no-moon day). Sun and Moon are in one Raasi. This is Roudra Time. That too Sunrise time. Now Agni, after receiving the Havis offered by Great Saints, is entering Soorya Mandal. Therefore, a hero who will born in a roudraka time while Soorya, Chandra and Agni are in one house, and with the Amsas(genisis) of Soorya, Chandra and Agni will become her husband."
Then, Devendra along with Devasena went to Brahma and prayed Brahma to present a valiant hero as husband of Devasena. Brahma also said "Devendra! a great valiant hero will become her husband. He will become the Army General of the entire army of divine bodies. With his help, all your woes will vanish".said Lord Brahma.
At that time, The Seven Great Saints like Vasishta etc., were performing Amaavaasya Homa. Agni was invited to receive the Havis offered at the Homa and deliver the said Havis to all the Divine bodies.

All the wives of the Seven Great Saints were also performing homa along with their husbands.Agni stared at them. They are so beautiful. Agni was looking at them with lust. He wanted to touch them. While the wives of Saints were going round the Agni, he was waving his flames and trying to touch them.
The Homa was concluded. Seven Saints and their wives went back to their homes. Agni was suffering with the lustful desire on the wives of Saints. Svaaha Devi, the wife of Agni came to know about the lustful desire of her husband. She wanted to satisfy her husband.
She transformed into Siva, wife of Angeerasa, one of the Seven Saints and approached her husband.
"Agni! I am Siva wife of Angeerasa. The other wives of seven saints also fell in love with you. We all desire to have sexual intercourse with you. To know about your desire, I am sent in advance. If you like, we both will enjoy sexual pleasures now."said Svaahaa Devi in the attire of Siva.
The joy of Agni knows no bounds. He enjoyed sexual pleasures with his wife thinking that she was Siva, wife of Angeerasa. While Agni was discharging his semen, Svaahaa Devi collected the semen of Agni, transformed herself in to an eagle, flew away to Svetha Hill and preserved the semen in a pot and kept it in a grass field.
Again she approached her husband in the attire of another wife of one of the Seven Saints and had sexual pleasures with her husband and collected the semen of Agni, flew away to Svetha hill and preserved the semen in the pot kept in the grass field.
Like this, she enjoyed sexual pleasures with her husband, Agni in the forms of the wives of six Saints and preserved the semen in a pot. But she could not transform into the form of Arundhati.
From out of the six collections of the semen of Agni, preserved six times, Kumaraswamy was born with the shining of Soorya, with six faces and with twelve hands.
Semen was collected on the first day (Paadyami), conceiving on the second day (vidiya),body was formed on third day (tadiya), all the organs were formed on fourth day (chaviti), full form was attained and stood up with a mighty bow in his hand on fifth day(panchami).
He roared with all his six faces. There was an earth quake and all the seas were overflowing. All the saints thought that all this had happened with the birth of a boy who was born to agni through the wives of Seven Saints.
All the seven saints heard this. They could not tolerate this scandal. All the seven saints left their wives. But some were saying "All this is happened due to the wife of Agni who took the forms of seven wives and joined her husband".
Immediately, Svaahaa Devi went to the Seven Saints and revealed the truth. "O Great Saints! this boy was born to my husband through me. Your wives have no part in this affair. Please receive them back and be happy" requested Svaahaa Devi. But the Seven Saints did not believe her words.
A saint called Visvamitra went to that boy and performed all the rituals like Jaataka Karma.
All the divine bodies went to Devendra "Devendra! This boy who is the son of Agni is a valiant hero. He may occupy your seat at any time. It is better to kill him immediately. Then only your Indra power will be safe".
Devendra called "Seven Maatrukas". "You all should go and kill the son of Agni" ordered Devendra. Seven maatrukas approached that boy. On seeing that shining hero, they were afraid and prayed mercy. "We will be your mothers. Please save us" seven maatrukas requested that boy. Kumaraswamy accepted them as his mothers. Seven Maatrukas created one servant called Lohitaasya as nursemaid to look after Kumaarasway. Agni also was looking after his son.
On hearing all these things, Devendra grew angry. Devendra went upon Kumaraswamy with his army to wage war. But the divine army could not resist the flames coming out of the six faces of Kumaraswamy and prayed mercy. Devendra then hurled his Vajraayudha on Kumaraswamy. It hit the right side of Kumraswamy. From out of that place, a person with golden colour, with the face of a ram, and with Sakthi weapon, was born. His name was Visaakha. Along with him several boys and girls were born. Devendra was afraid of this and prayed mercy. All the divine bodies also joined Devendra. Lakshmi stood by the side of Kumaraswamy.
On the sixth day, all the saints worshipped Kumaraswamy. "O Kumaaraa! within six days of your birth, you have conquered all the Lokas. You have to sit on the seat of Indra. The duty of Indra is to protect virtuous people and punish the bad characters and instal good governance. You are fit to hold the post of Devendra" requested Saints. Devendra also joined voice along with them. But Kumaraswamy rejected that offer.
"Devendra! I dont want your power. In course of time, if all the divine bodies praise you and accept you as their ruler, you may get angry upon me. Again there will be enmity between us. It is not good. You continue as Indra" said Kumaraswamy. Devendra felt happy.
"Kumaaraa! Atleast you have to lead our Divine Army. You will be the Army General of Divine Army" requested Devendra. Kumaraswamy accepted the same. All the saints and divine bodies acclaimed Kumaraswamy.
Lord Siva arrived there along with his Siddha Ganas. Lord Siva presented one Golden Flower Garland to Kumaraswamy.
At this time, Dharmaja entertained a doubt. "O saint Markandeya! All are saying that Kumaraswamy was born to Siva. How it happened?" asked Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya continued to say:
"Dharmaja! previously, Maha Siva preserved his Semen in Agni. With that Semen only Kumaraswamy was born through Agni. Besides that, Agni also is called as Rudra. Therefore, Kumaraswamy is called as Siva Putra and Agni putra.
The wives of Seven saints are also called as Kruttikas. As Svaahaadevi has taken the forms of Kruttikas, joined Agni, preserved his semen on Svetha Hill, out of which Kumara was born, Kumaraswamy was also called as Kaartikeya.
At that time, Devendra brought Devasena, the girl whom he found. "Kumaara! Lord Brahma created this Girl Devasena for your sake. Therefore, you marry this girl" requested Devendra.
Kumaraswamy accepted it. On the sixth day, Kumaraswamy married Devasena. Therefore, the sixth day (Shashti) was a Holy Day (It is also called Skandha Shashti or Subrahmanya ShashTi).
On fifth day, Lakshmi joined Kumaraswamy.
All the wives of Seven Saints who were deserted by their husbands, also arrived there.
"Kumaaraa! Some miscreants spread scandals that we joined Agni and begot you. We do not know anything. Our husbands deserted us. You are our son. You have to save us" requested the wives of saints.
"You are all my mothers. There is no doubt about it. Devendra! please give them respectable positions" requested Kumaraswamy.
"Kumaaraa! previously, the daughers of Daksha Prajapati married Chandra. Since then, they were installed around Moon and shining. Abhijit was placed by the side of Rohini. Abhijit wanted to be more popular than all the other stars. She went to do Tapassu. For the present, that place is vacant. In that place, all these six mothers can be accommodated" said Devendra. Accordingly, all the six wives of Saints formed into a Star Krittika. (It is called Krittika Star).
Svaahaa Devi wife of Agni also came there. "Kumaaraa! You are my son. I want to be always by your side."requested Svaahaa Devi. Kumarasway accepted the same.
Soon after Kumaraswamy was born, Devendra sent Sapta Matrukas to kill Kumaraswamy. Later they became his mothers. Now they requested Kumaraswamy to instal them as Mothers for the three lokas, by superseding existing Mothers. For this Kumaraswamy did not agree. Then they requested Kumaraswamy "We wish to cause all kinds of troubles to the children. Give us that blessing" asked Sapta Matrukas.
"It is not proper. I cannot give that blessing. If the people worship you, you should not cause any harm to the children. You can cause harm to the children upto sixteen years." said Kumaraswamy.
In the meanwhile, Svaahaa Devi, wife of Agni arrived there. "Kumaaraa! I am the daughter of Daksha Prajapati. I was given in marriage to Agni while I was a child. My husband, Agni, has not shown love and affection towards me as a wife. Kindly bless me with the love and affection of my husband." requested Svaahaa Devi.
"While Brahmins were offering Havis in the Agni, hereinafter, they will offer Havis with the Mantra "Svaahaa". Your name will be chanted always. In this manner, your husband, Agni, will always be cordial towards you." said Kumaraswamy.
In the meanwhile Lord Brahma arrived there. Brahma introduced Lord Siva to Kumaraswai.
"Kumaaraa! He is Lord Siva, having three eyes and he destroyed three mighty cities (Tripuraantaka). His wife is Parvati, daughter of Parvata Raja. These are your father and mother. Lord Siva and Parvati preserved their power and vigour in Agni and begot you through Agni and his wife. Therefore, Siva and Parvati are your parents. Worship them with great devotion" said Brahma. Kumaraswamy bowed before his parents and worshipped them.
Then Lord Siva, Parvati along with Kumaraswamy reached Bhadravata. Along with Kumaraswamy, Kubera, Devendra, Amogha and other Yakshas, Vasuvus, Rudras , Aadityas, Yama, Varuna, Chandra, Vaayu, and Agni accompanied Kumaraswamy to Bhadravata.
At that time, Mahishaasura, along with his mighty army waged war against Devendra. He destroyed all the army of Divine Bodies. All the Devatas fled away. Devendra encouraged the Army and again fought with Mahishasura. There was a great battle between Devatas and Daanavas.
In this war, Lord Siva also took part. In that war, Mahishaasura caught the chariot of Lord Siva. Everybody thought that Siva will die at the hands of Mahishaasura.
"Kumaaraa! have you seen the audacity of this demon. He captured my chariot. His life came to an end. Kill him" ordered Siva.
Kumaraswamy launched Sakti Weapon on Mahisaasura. Mahishasura was killed and other Rakshasas were destroyed. All the divine bodies praised Kumaraswamy.

" You have seen how Kumaraswamy is powerful. You have to worship Kumaraswami in the same manner as you have worshipped me so far." said Lord Siva to all the divine bodies.
"O Dharmaja! This is the story of Kumaraswamy. Any body who reads and hears this story will be relieved of all their woes and will attain eternal hapiness." said Saint Markandeya, the story from the birth of Kumaraswamy till the destruction of Danavas.
In this manner, Dharmaja heard so many stories about great sages and saints.
At that time, Satya Bhama wife of Sri Krishna and Droupadi, the wife of Five Pandavas was chatting with each other. At that time Satya Bhama asked Droupati
"O Droupadi! You are having five husbands. All of them are affectionate towards you. You are also having greatest devotion towards your five husbands. It is a great wonder. How is it possible to you? How can you please five husbands equally without any discrimination. Is it due to administering of any herbal medicines to your husbands or by your art of talking with your husbands in a pleasing manner or are you so tactful in dealing with your husbands by decorating yourself in different makeup styles with varieties of ornaments. Kindly tell me some tips to please my husband also so that he will always be within my fold." asked Satya Bhama.
With these words Droupadi grew angry. But she suppressed her anger in her mind.
"Satyaa! Do you think that i am a lady leading wayward life or a bad character. Is it proper on your part to speak like that? You are unfit to be the betterhalf of a great divine personality like Sri Krishna. It is your foolishness to think that the husband will be under your control only due to administering some herbs and medicines. If you do like that, your husband will lose faith on you. He may think that leading a marital life with you will be sleeping by the side of a snake. Besides that, by administering medicines, the husband may fell ill and the wife will be defamed. At last she will go to hell. Therefore, wives should not indulge in using such cheap tricks on their husbands to win their love and affection by fraudulent means.
The only Dharma of a virtuous wife is to be faithful to her husband always. Now I will tell you how I behave towards my husbands.
Even if my husbands are moving freely with other women, I will never feel jealousy. I will never show my egoism. I will always worship my husbands. Except my husbands, I never care any other person, however high he may be, even if he is a divine personality or Yaksha or Kinnera.
First I will look to the comforts of my husbands in bathing, dining and sleeping, then only I will bathe, dine and sleep. I will always be vigilant in looking after the comforts of my husbands.
I will never waste anything and never spend money unnecessarily. I will always keep my house and utensils neat and clean. I will always respect the friends and relatives of my husbands.
I will never stand at the door for a long time; I will never laugh loudly; I will never make friendship with badcharacters. When my husbands are out, I will never decorate myself with flowers and I will alwlays think about my husbands and their welfare.
Satyaa! Pandavas are too kind and also too harsh in their hearts. Hence I will always serve them with great care and caution.
Besides, I will also look after the comforts of my mother-in-law Kunti.
Daily, along with my husband, Dharmaja, ten thousand brahmins will dine. I will personally supervise the arrangements for cooking and serving.
Several thousands of servants are working in our palace. I will also look after their comforts. I will also take all measures to see that all the servants will work with great discipline. I will also supervise the Treasury and Accounts. I will personally distribute salaries to all the workers.
Therefore, Pandavas are free from all these household responsibilities. With all these responsibilities and activities, I will find only few hours of time late in the night to sleep. Some times, I do not find time even to dine.
By serving my husbands in the above manner, I am gaining the love and affection of my husbands but not due to administering any herbs or medicines and not by using any tricks or miracles." said Droupadi.
Satya Bhama felt shy and could not look at the face of Droupadi.
"Droupadi! Without knowing anything about you, I indulged in some foolish talk. Kindly excuse me and treat it as an informal chat for fun." requested Satya Bhama.
"Satyaa! I never take anything seriously. I will also tell you the way by which you can win the heart of your husband.
There is no other God to a wife except her husband. Out of love and affection of husband only, wife will get wealth, ornaments, good children, and fame. She cannot acquire those things otherwise. To acquire Punya, we have to strive hard. But by serving our husband, we will attain more Punya. Therefore, serve your husband with utmost love and devotion. Your husband will always shower love and affection on you.
On arrival of your husband, receive him at the doorstep with a smiling face. Never entrust that job to servants. You serve your husband personally. If your husband tells any secrets to you during the course of conversation with you, never reveal those secrets to anybody. Your husband will lose faith on you.
Always respect the friends and relatives of your husband. Never respect anybody who does harm to your husband or his friends or relatives, even though they are your friends.
One more thing . Lady shall always control her behaviour. Pradyumna and others are like your sons. When you are alone with them, never sit on the same cot along with them.
Always make friendship with virtuous ladies. Never make friendship with ladies who are egoistic, and leading a luxurious life. If you follow these principles, you will be happpy throughout your life" said Droupadi.
"Droupadi! Your husbands are divine bodies. You know Dharma. You will get back your kingdom and wealth. Duryodhana and his brothers and friends will be defeated in the war. Your sons are valiant heroes. You are their mother. Your sons are happy in Dwaraka. Rukmini, Subhadra are looking after your sons carefully and safely with utmost love and affection. You need not worry about them." said Satya Bhama.
Then Lord Sri Krishna left for Dwaraka along with his wife Satya Bhama. Saint Markandeya also took leave from Dharmaja and left that place for his Ashram. Later, Pandavas left Kaamyaka Vana and settled at Dvaitavana.
A Brahmin belonging to Hastinapura visited Pandavas in Dvaitavana and enquired about their welfare. Then he returned to Hastina pura. King Dhrutarashtra called him and enquired him about the welfare of Pandavas in forests.The Brahmin told Dhrutarashtra in detail about the woes and sorrows of Pandavas in forests. On hearng this, Dhrutarashtra felt sad.
" Due to the immoral attitude of my son Suyodhana, Pandavas are suffering in the forests. I am responsible for this. I treat Dharamaja as my elder son. But God created all these woes to him alone. Instead of sleeping on a soft bed, he is sleeping on hard rocks in the forests. Bheema is wandering in the forests as a lion. Arjuna is mentally distressed about the hardship caused to his brothers and wife. The twins, Nakula and Sahadeva are suffering a lot in the forests. Though Bheema is able to defeat anybody, is just bound by the words of his elder brother Dharmaja. Otherwise, my sons will certainly die in his hands.
Inspite of my repeated requests, Suyodhana played dice game with Dharmaja and defeated him and insulted him and his wife. This is all due to my selfishness. Pleasures and sorrows will happen one after the other. Though Pandavas lost everything and went to forest but Arjuna won the confidence of Lord Siva and acquired Paasupatha and also went to Devaloka with this physical body and sat by the side of Devendra on his throne. It is amazing. What is that great Punya Arjuna attained in the previous births?" Dhrutaraashtra was thinking, thinking and rethinking about the past deeds.
Suyodhana couldnot relish this. He consulted Sakuni.
"Uncle what is this? Why my father is frightened about Pandavas and about their vigour and valour. Call for Karna. We have to set our minds together and find a solution" said Suyodhana.
He sat with Karna at a lonely place.
"Suyodhana! Pandavas went to forests. All their wealth and kingdom are under your control. All the kings on this earth accepted your supremacy and are paying royalty to you. You are the emperor. Yours administration won the favour of one and all. But Pandavas are suffering all kinds of woes in Dvaitavana.
Now our immediate task is to visit dvaitavana and exhibit our pleasures and pomp and show them our power. They have to feel jealousy in their hearts. We also may feel happy about the miserable life of Pandavas. Droupadi should feel jealousy. This is my idea" suggested Karna.
"Karna! I also feel the same thing. But whether my father will agree for our visit to dvaitavana? That is the only problem. Of late, my father is very much frightened about Pandavas. Vidura is adding fuel to the fire by praising Pandavas and showing his partisan attitude. In these circumstances I doubt whether my father will agree for our proposal. Anyhow, yourself and Uncle Sakuni think together and find a suitable solution" said Suyodhana.
Next day, Karna approached Suyodhana "My friend I have got an idea. We are having our cow herd in dvaitavana. We can visit dvaitavana on the pretext of looking after them. Your father will certainly permit us."said Karna.
Suyodhana gladly agreed for it. Immediately, they sent for a Yadava and trained him how to speak before Dhrutarashtra. Then they all went to Dhrutarashtra along with Yadava. After talking for some time about some general things, Dhrutarashtra was informed that one Yadava from dvaitavana is waiting for his audience. He was allowed inside.
"O King! I am coming from Dvaitavana. Our cows are safe upto this moment. Of late, some cruel animals are attacking the cows and killing them. You have to take steps to save the animals from this onslaught." spoke Yadava parrot like words as trained by Karna.
Karna on one side and Sakuni on the other side supported this and requested Dhrutarashtra for permission to immediately visit Dvaitavana.
"It is good to protect our cows in dvaitavana. But Pandavas are staying there. I do not relish this idea. If you go there, you will certainly insult them. Pandavas are already insulted by you. Bheema is very much angry against you. If he comes across you, he never keep quiet. Arjuna acquired many Astras from Devendra. You cannot attack him. Your doing something and their doing something, is a foolish thing. Therefore, send some dispassionate people to protect the cattle." said Dhrutarashtra.
"King Dhrutarashtra! Pandavas are valiant warriors. Why should we cause hardship to them? Even if we do like that, Dharmaja will never go back to his word and his brothers will never disobey the word of Dharmaja. We have got a desire of hunting. We are only interested in protecting our cows and hunting and nothing else. Please accept our request" requested Sakuni.
At last, Dhrutarashtra agreed for their proposal. Arrangements are made to visit Dvaitavana. Suyodhana along with Karna, Sakuni, all his brothers, with their wives and children, other ministers and relatives with innumerable vehicles, and other servants started for Dvaitavana. They erected tents for theri stay. Suyodhana visited the cow herd and enquired the yadavas about their welfare. Suyodhana and others went for hunting and killed several cruel animals.
At that time, Dharmaja was performing a Yaga called Sadya Skanda with the help of sages and saints in Dvaitavana. Suyodhana reached that place. He ordered for building luxurious resorts and cottages for their comfortable stay. Some gandharvas who are watching that place obstructed the builders.
"This place belongs to Chitrasena, King of Gandharvas. You should not stay here. Please go away" said those Gandharvas.
"Suyodhana, the King and Emperor of Kuru Dynasty is visiting this place. You should not stay here. Please go away" ordered the men of Kouravas.
Gandharvas grew angry. "Your kind does not know his own power and the power of the opposite side. Let him not confront with Gandharvas in this manner" said Gandharvas.
The men of Kouravas went and said the same thing to Suyodhana. Suyodhana imemdiately called all his brothers "Go and attack Gandharvas and kill them. Even if Devendra comes for their help, attack him also" ordered Suyodhana.
Kouravas attacked Gandharvas. But Ghardharvas told Kouravas "Look. Why you are attacking us. There is no enmity between us. Please stop fighting with us and go away"
But Kouravas and their army did not heed their words and attacked Ghardharvas. Gandharvas went and reported the matter to their king Chitrasena and about the attack of Kouravas. Chitrasena also ordered his army to attack kouravas and destroy them.
Kouravas and their army could not stand before Gandharvas. Dussaasana fled away. Only Karna was fighting with Gandharvas. Suyodhana and Sakuni also entered the battle field.
There was a fierceful war between them. Gandharvas were defeated. Then Chitrasena entered the war field. Chitrasena was an expert in miracle war. Kourava army could not withstand his miracle war. Except Karna all left the battle field. Suyodhana was helping Karna. All the brothers of Suyodhana and Sakuni were helping Suyodhana.
Chitrasena broke the chariot of Karna. Karna fled away on the chariot of Vikarna. Chitrasena also broke the chariot of Suyodhana. He dragged Suyodhana to the ground, tied him and threw him on his chariot and made a roaring sound.
On seeing this, the other Gandharvas caught and tied the brothers of Suyodhana and their wives and sons, their ministers, and throw them before the feet of Chitrasena.
The others fled away and approached Dharma Raja and prayed "O King Dharmaja! King Chitrasena wrongfully confined Suyodhana, his brothers, their wives and ministers. Please help us."
Bheema was very happy. "Yaa. I am very happy. What ought to be done by me, Gandharvas did it. We got victory without war. Suyodhana was addicted to commit wrongful things since his childhod. Now he was insulted and defeated by Gandharvas. God is great. He came here to insult us but he himself was insulted by Gandharvas. We should not show any kind of mercy towards Duryodhana" said Bheemasena.
Dharmaja patiently heard what Bheema said. "Bheemasena! Is it proper on your part to speak like this? Disputes between brothers and cousins, with regard to money and property, are quite natural. Simply because there are disputes, will the love and affection witheraway between the brothers and cousins. Brothers and cousins may quarrel amongst themselves but when outsiders attack them, they have to help among theselves. Otherwise, they will be blamed by elders. Though Suyodhana was an immoral character, he was caught by Gandharvas along with his wife, brothers and children. If we neglect them, it will cause hardship even to our community. Besides that, rescuing those who seek refuge is the utmost Dharma of Kshatriya. Therefore, yourself and your brothers, armed with bows and arrows, should immediately proceed to the war field, defeat Chitrasena and rescue Suyodhana and his men." said Dharmaja.
"Brother Dharmaja! Suyododhana threw me in deep waters. Administered poison to kill me. Set fire to our house with a view to consign us to flames. Defeated us in dice game and grabbed our wealth and kingdom. Insulted our wife Droupadi in the presence of one and all by trying to remove her clothes. Brother! For Duryodhana, a Day will never pass by without doing some harm to us.Without considering all these wrongs done by him, is it proper to show mercy on him." said Bheemasena.
"If any body prays to save, however weak he is, he will certainly help that helpless man. That being the Dharma, is it proper for a mighty personality like you to keep quiet. Even if an enemy seeks refuge, he should be rescued. There is no other dharma except rescuing a refuge. Suyodhana knows about our vigour and valour. Hence he sent his men with the hope that we will rescue him. In fact, I myself can go and rescue him. I would not have troubled you. But I am in the midst of Yaga. Hence I am requesting you and your brothers. You please go to the rescue of Suyodhana. First make a request to Gandharvas to release Suyodhana and his men peacefully. If they do not heed your words, dont hesitate to use force." requested Dharmaja.
At last Bheema agreed for his words. Bheema, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, armed with bows and arrows, approached Chitrasena.
"O Gandharvas! There is no enmity amidst us. Kindly release Suyodhana in a friendly manner. This is the mandate of Dharma Raja." said Arjuna in a strong voice.
"Arjuna! Dharmaja is not our king. We need not follow his mandate. Our king is Devendra. He can only order us. We need not frighten for others however high they may be." replied Chitrasena.
"O Gandharva! I told you friendly. You did not relish my words. I will use my power and rescue Suyodhana." said Arjuna.
There was a big fight between Arjuna and Chitrasena. Unable to fight with Arjuna, Chitrasena and other Gandharvas fled away carrying Suyodhana and his wives on their chariots in the sky path.
But Arjuna restrained Gandharvas on four sides with his arrows and confined them. Chitrasena began to fight with Arjuna in invisible form. But Arjuna targetted Chitrasena with his Sabdavedhi arrows. Now Chitrasena stood before Arjuna in his original form.
"Chitrasena! why should you bear enmity with Kouravas? Kindly leave them" requested Arjuna.
"Arjuna! there is no enmity between us. You do not know the real facts. Duryodhana is a bad and immoral character. While you are suffering in forests, Suyodhana visited Dvaitavana on the pretext of Ghosha Yatra only to show their pomp. Devendra came to know about this. He ordered me to go to Dvaitavana and capture him and bring him to Devaloka. Hence I captured him, his men and moving them to Devaloka" said Chitrasena.
"Chitrasena! Whatever be his character, Suyodhana is our brother. It is better to leave him. Dharmaja willbe happy. As you said, it may be according to the directions of Devendra. Now our duty is to produce Suyodhana before Dharmaja. Let Dharmaaja decide what should be done. Thefore, kindly respect my words and come along with me to Dharmaja. Chitrasena agreed.
All of them went to Dharmaja along with Suyodhana. Dharmaja received Chitrasena with due honors.
"Chitrasena! I am very happy to know that Suyodhana and his men and women were not killed by you. No hardship is caused to Kouravas. Suyodhana might so far have committed many bad things. Kindly excuse him and leave him.." requested Dharmaja.
Chitrasena accepted the request of Dharmaja and released Suyodhana, his brothers, their wives, ministers and all other men.
Chitrasena went to Devaloka and told Devendra what had happened. Devendra sprinkled Amruta on all the dead bodies of Gandharvas who were killed in the battle. All the gandharvas were alive.
Dharmaja told Suyodhana "Suyodhana! please dont resort to such a heroic deeds. Only bad characters will do such things and ultimately lose their lives. Please do not keep anything in mind. Proceed to Hastinapura along with your brothrs, wives, ministers etc." said Dharmaja.
Suyodhana, without saying single word left that place. Dhoumya and other Brahmins who were present there and witnessed all these developments praised Dharmaja for his generosity even towards his enemies.
Mahabharat, Aranya Parva
Panchamaasvaasa
(Fifth Chapter)
Completed.
Om Tatsat.


In Naimisaaranya, Ugrasravasu (sooti) son of Roma harshana continued to tell the story of Mahabharat to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints.
Janamejaya asked Vaisampaayana "O Saint! Suyodhana, who was habituated to cause harm to Pandavas alwlays, was captured by Gandharvas and rescued by Pandavas. How could he withstand that insult and reach Hastinapura. Suyodhana always boast himself that he was a man of self-respect. How could he control his anger and agony? What was the subsequent behaviour of Suyodhana? Kindly tell me" asked Janamejaya. Vaisampaayana continued to say:
After the rescue operation, Suyodhana, along with his brothers, wife, other kings and army went back and stayed at another place in that forest. He was feeling restlessness. He was not getting sleep. He was lying on a bed and weeping. At that time Karna came there. Karna did not know all these developments.
"Suyodhana! You got a magnificent victory over Gandharvas which is not possible for others. Suyodhana! I also fought with Gandharvas to my might. But our army did not cooperate with me. My chariot was broken. Hence I boarded the chariot of Vikarna and left the batte field. I heard that you won the battle. I am very happy" said Karna in a cheerful voice.
Suyodhana thought that Karna did not know the further developments. With a shameful face he told Karna.
"Karna! Myself and my brothers attacked Gandharvas effectively. There was a battle between me and Chitrasena. He captured me, my wife, my brothers and their wives, and other companions. In the meanwhile, our people approached Dharmaja. He sent his brothers. They rescued us from Chitrasena.
Karna! Is it possible for me to live on this earth even after undergoing such an insult and agony? It is useless. How can I rule this country! Will the people laugh at me! Had I died in the battle with Gandhrvas, I would have gone to Svarga. Hence, I have to die. There is no other go. Dussaasana will be your king. You proceed along with him to Hastinapura. I cannot comeback to Hastina.
Karna! How can I show my face to my father Dhrutarashtra and Grand father Bheeshma and mingle with my friends as before. All this is of my own accord. I cannot blame others. After all, one Gandharva captured me. What an insult! When my self-respect is withered away, it is better to die. I will self immolate myself. My decision is final" said Suyodhana.
"Dussaasana! Come on. I will enthrone you as the King of Hastinapura. Rule this earth with the help of Sakuni and Karna. Respect elders. Honor Brahmins. Worship your Gurus. Rule the people" told Suyodhana.
Dussaasana was weeping aloud and fell on the feet of Suyodhana. “Brother Suyodhana! Whatever it may be, you are the king and emperor of Kuru Dynasty. I cannot rule this country” Dussasana went and fell on the feet of Suyodhana.
Karna consoled Dussasana “Suyodhana, Dussasana! what is this? Why you are weeping like children? Be Brave. If your enemies know about this they will enjoy your sorrow. Suyodhana! A king of Chandra Vamsa shall not weep like this. Your body is meant to enjoy all sensual pleasures but not for self-immolation. Please change your mind.
You are telling you were rescued by Pandavas. It is not correct. The people who are living in one country safely and securely are the servants of the king of that country. Whenever the king is in trouble, it is their duty to save their king. Pandavas are living in your country, under your rule. They are your servants. When you are in trouble, it is their duty to save you. They discharged their duty. That is all. Why you are feeling like this.
Besides that, Pandavas lost their wealth and kingdom and they are your slaves. All their treasures and wealth belong to you. They have to serve you always. They have done some help to you. For that you need not worry. Let us proceed to Hastinapura” said Karna. Suyodhana did not heed to the words of Karna.
Sakuni also tried to pacify Suyodhana “Suyodhana! What Karna says is correct. I played dice game with Dharmaja and grabbed all his wealth and kingdom and gave it to you. You have not acquired Indraprastha kingdom by your vigour and valour. If you leave the kingdom given by me and self immolate yourself , I will be unhappy.
Since your childhood, you were brought up in princely plealsures. You never cared for elders. Therefore you are lacking in worldly knowledge. That is the reason why your mind often gets perturbed. You will be angry always. You have to overcome them with your bravery.
King should not be a coward, soft and timid. Pandavas did some help to you. In return you also can do some help to them. You invite them and honor them. Pandavas are good, intelligent and brave. If you wish, you can give back their kingdom. You will get eternal fame. Pandavas are your brothers. You both rule this country and be happy.” told Sakuni.
Suyodhana looked at Karna and Sakuni. “Why you are discouraging me. I have no desire on these wordly plealsures. I decided to immolate myself. Please dont stop me. You go anywhere as you like. Leave me alone” said Suyodhana.
“Where can we go leaving you alone? We never leave you. We also follow you wherever you go.” told Karna, Sakuni and Dussaasana.
After sunset, Suyodhana did all rituals and sat on a grass mat.
During that night, Raakshasas who were defeated by Devatas and living in underground, came to know all these developments. They approached their Guru Sukraacaarya and sought his advise. Sukraacaarya created one demon called Krutya and ordered her to bring Suyodhana to underground. Accordingly Krutya brought Suyodhana to underground All the Danavas hugged him and asked about his welfare.
“Suyodhana! you are a hero. You were born in Bharata Vamsa. Why have you taken such a mean decision? You know that a person who commits suicide will lose his name and fame. Is it proper on your part to resort to such heinous acts. Therefore, change your decision. Be brave and heroic. Fight with the enemies and defeat them.
You are not an ordinary human being. I will tell you your birth secret. Once we worshipped Lord Siva for his help, for our sake, Lord Sive created you on this earth. He made the upper portion of your body as hard as diamond. No weapon or arrow will harm the upper portion of your body. To help you, several Rakshasas were born as Kshatriyas. They are Bhagadatta etc. Though Bheeshma, Drona, Krupaacaarya were born with divine amsas, they are Raakshasas in their thinking. Therefore, they will mercilessly kill their kith and kin in the war.
We know that you are afraid of Arjuna.For that, We found a way out. Sri Krishna killed Narakasura. The Amsa of Narakasura is incarnated in Karna. Therefore, Karna is inimical towards Sri Krishna and Arjuna and will kill them in war. Because Devendra was afraid of Karna, he stole his Kavaca and Kundala in the form of a Brahmin, for the sake of his son Arjuna.
Besides that, lakhs of Rakshasas were born as Samsaptakas to kill Arjuna. Therefore, you will rule the entire universe. Leave sorrow and be brave” told all the Rakshasas to Suyodhana.
Then Krutya took him back and placed him in his cottage.
Next morning, Suyodhana woke up. He could not realise whether it was true or dream. He does not want to reveal about his dream to anybody. But he was self-confident about his victory over Pandavas.
Again Karna came to him early morning to make final trial to change his mind.
“Suyodhana! Even if you die, what will you achieve? You cannot defeat your enemies after your death. Therefore, committing suicide is not a solution for the problem. If you are alive, you can defeat your enemies and enjoy the plealsures. It is not a time to feel sorrow and undergo mental agony. I know you are afraid of Arjuna. I am taking a vow On completion of 13 years, I will kill Arjuna in the war. This is my solemn promise on my sword” said Karna with firm voice.
The words of Rakshasas coupled with the promise of Karna, raised new hopes in the mind of Suyodhana. He gave up the idea of self immolation. He returned back to Hastinapura along with his brothers, Karna and Sakuni.
One Day Bheeshma told Suyodhana “Suyodhana! by paying a deaf ear to our advise, you proceeded to Ghosha Yatra. You know what had happened. With the grace of Dharmaja, you could return back to Hastina otherwise you would have been in the prison of that Gandharva. You blindly believed Karna. But what he has done. He fled away from the battle field. When compared to Pandavas, he was not even 1/16th of their strength. He talks more and acts less. Dont spoil your name and fame by blindly believing him. Even now it is not too late. Mediate with Pandavas and give back their kingdom and be happy.” said Bheeshma.
Suyodhana did not attach any importance to his words and went away along with Karna and Sakuni. Then they three sat together.
“Karna! Dharmaja performed Rajasuya Yaga. I also intend to perform one such Yaga. Make suitable arrange- ments.” said Suyodhana.
“Start it immediately, Suyodhana. Send invitations to all the kings on this earth. Send for Brahmins and honour them. Let us construct Yaga Salas. Make arrangements for catering of food to all invitees and poor.” said Karna with greatest enthusiasm.
Suyodhana sent for Purohits and asked them to make arrangements for Rajasooya Yaga. But they objected.
“O King Suyodhana! Pandavas are your enemies. Unless you conquer them, you cannot perform Rajasuya Yaga. But there is another Yaga called Vaishnava Yaga. It was performed previously by Vasudeva. You can perform that Yaga.” told Purohits.
Suyodhana agreed for that. Suyodhana sought the permission of his father Dhrutarashtra, grandfather Bheeshma, Guru Drona and Krupaacaarya. He sent invitations to all the kings in his kingdom.
He sent one virtuous Brahmin to Dvaitavana to invite Dharmaja for the Yaga. He went to Dvaitavana and met Dharamaja.
“O King Dharmaja! Suyodhana is performing a Yaga. I am deputed to invite you on his behalf. Kindly come over to Hastina and grace the occasion.” told the Brahmin.
Dharmaja politely replied: “I am very happy to hear that Suyodhana is performing a Yaga. But as per our previous agreement, we are undergoing 13years Aranya and Ajnata vasa. It is not proper on our part to come to Hastinapura and take part in the Yaga. Kindly convey this message to your King” said Dharmaja.
But Bheema who was standing by his said said “On compleltion of our Aranya and Ajnaata vaasa, we will set the sacred fire and in that we will offer Suyodhana and his brothers as offerings to Agni. Tell this to your King” said Bheemaa. That Brahmin conveyed those words to Suyodhana.
Dhrutarashtra deputed Vidura to make arrangements for the Yaaga and also to receive all the Emperors, Kings, other dignatories arrived for the Yaga from the four corners of the earth and honour them. The yaga was completed successfully. Those who visisted the Yaga murmered that it is no match to the Rajasuya Yaga done by Dharmaja.
But Karna praised Suyodhana “Suyodhana! you have done the Yaga successfully. In the same way, you also conquer Pandavas and will perform RajasuyaYaga also. I wont wash my feet till I kill Arjuna in the war. It is my promise” said Karna.
Suyodhana hugged Karna “Karna! as long as you are by my side, it is not a great thing to conquer Pandavas.” praised Suyodhana.
In Dvaita vana, Dharmaja got a dream. In that Dream, some of the wild animals appeared before Dharmaja “O King! you are killing all the animals in this forest for the sake of your food and pleasure. Day by day, the number of animals in this forest is decreasing. Kindly leave this forest and save us” requested all the animals.
Dharmaja woke up. He realised his mistake. He consulted his brothers and decided to leave that forest and move to Kaamyaka vana. There also they lived only by consuming fruits, leaves and roots, without killing any kind of animals. They completed eleven years. The twelfth year was running.
One day, Saint Veda Vyasa visited their cottage in Kaamyakavana. Dharmaja received the saint and offered him Arghyam and Paadyam. Then Dharmaja asked Veda vyasa “O Saint! Elders are saying that Tapassu and charity are great. But which is greater, either Tapassu or Charity. Kindly tell me” asked Dharmaja.
Vedavyasa said: “Dharmaja! Charity means giving your own money to others. People love their money more than their own life. Whatever they do, either good or bad, they will toil only for earning money. Is it not greater, giving away such a hardearned money to others as charity, than performing Tapassu. Therefore, charity is greater than tapassu.
Generally, foolish people, will be giving away their illegally earned money, as charity. But they will never get any Punya. By giving his hard earned money, even if it is of smallest value, he will get Punya. Such a charity of hard earned money, shall me made only to deserving persons, at proper time and place.
I will tell you one story. Long ago, in Kurukshetra, there lived a Brahmin called Mudgal. He was very poor but truthful and virtuous. He will be offering food to his guests with what he had. He used to live by collecting the fallen grain in the fields after harvest. One day, Saint Doorvaasa visited his house. Mudgal received him and offered him arghyam, paadyam and food. Doorvasa ate and went away. Nothing remained for Mudgal to eat.
Again he collected grain for the next 15 days. Again Doorvasa visited his house. Mudgal offered him food. He ate and went away. In this way, on every fortnight--Full moon day (Pournami) and No-moon day (amavaasya), Doorvaasa visited his house, ate food and went away. Mudgal observed fasting and serving food to Doorvasa. Doorvaasa was astonished for his patience.
“O Mudgal! you are great. I have never seen such a charitable person like you. You are a virtuous personality. Without feeling any evil or anger in your mind, you have been serving food to me. Your charity, truthfulness, courage, not aspiring for others property are no other than your wealth. Tapassu is nothing but controlling the sense organs. You have achieved that tapassu. I am very much satisfied with your hospitality. You will attain heavenly abode soon” said Doorvaasa and went away.
One Divine personality brought a divine chariot to Mudgal. “O saint Mudgal! by your virtuous deeds, charity, truthfulness, you attained the status to enjoy the heavenly pleasures in Svarga loka. Come on. board this chariot. We will go to Svarga loka."
Mudgal smiled and asked him “Kindly tell me how Devaloka is and who will stay there?”.
That heavenly body told thus: Those who did Tapassu and attained Siddhi, those who performed yajnas and Yagas, those who always speak truth, those who conquered their sense organs, charitable people, those died in war will be living in heaven. Besides them, Apsarasas, Siddhis, divine saints, Maruts also will be staying there. Mountain Meru, Nandana garden are there. There will be no hunger and thurst in heaven. No disease or death. All are celestial bodies with great shining. There are no sorrows. Eternal happiness and pleasures are there.
Above Svarga, there is Brahma Loka. Manuvus, Great Saints will be living there. No rebirth. At the time of Pralaya, all the Lokas will be destroyed except Brahmaloka.
Human beings who acquired Punya on earth will enjoy pleasures in heaven. But he cannot acquire Punya in heaven. Heaven is meant only for enjoyment. After the acquired Punya is exhausted, the human beings shall return back to earth. Unable to forget the heavenly pleasures he enjoyed, the human beings will suffer mental agony on earth. Even those staying in heaven also will be suffering with jealousy about the celestial bodies staying in the higher levels.
Brahma Loka is eternal but Svargam is meant only for enjoyment of pleasures. Earth is Karma bhoomi to acquire punya or Paapa. I told you about heaven and earth. Come on letus go to heaven” invited the divine body.
“Sorry. I cannot come to heaven. I dont want those uncertain pleasures of heaven. I will try to attain the Loka from where I should not return back to earth. You can goback with your chariot” said Mudgal.
Then he became Jnaana Yogi. He shed Raaga and Dvesha. He attained Moksha. Therefore, Dharmaja, dont feel sorry for losing your kingdom. You will get it back at proper time” said Veda Vyasa and went away.
After some days, one day, Pandavas went into the forest for hunting. Droupadi along with her servant maids and Dhoumya remained in the cottage. At that time, Jayadhradha (popularly known as Saindhava), the King of Sindhu, along with his friends and Army, while going to marry the princess of King Salva, was passing through Kaamyaka vana. He saw Droupadi waiting for Pandavas at the door. He was amazed of her beauty. A lustful desire developed in his mind for her. He called his friend Kotikaasya
“My dear friend, look at her. Is she not beautiful and passionate. I want her. Go and find out her details” said Jayadhradha. Kotikaasya went near Droupadi.
“Oh beautiful lady! who are you? Why are you staying here in this thick forest? Are you Vanadevatha or Sachee Devi wife of Indra or Goddess Lakshmi? Who is your husband? What is your name? I am Kotikaasya, a heroic mighty poersonality. They are the Kings of Trigartha, Kalinga and Sindhu. Jayadhradha, the king of Sindhu wants you. He fell in love with you. Enjoy all pleasures with him” said Kotikaasya.
Droupadi was annoyed about his talking. “Brother Kotikasya! I am the daugher of Panchala King. My name is Krishna. I am the wife of Pandavas. I am living along with them in this forest. In a shortwhile my husbands will come and receive you. Till then you can wait here” she went inside the cottage.
Kotikasya went and reported the matter to Jayadhradha. Jayadhradha went inside the cottage.
“O Droupadi! Are you safe! Are pandavas happy?” asked Jayadhradha.
“Brother Jayadhradha all are happy and safe You are our guest Kindly be seated. Pandavas will come and honour you.” said Droupadi.
“Droupadi! I fell in love with you I lust you. I want you. Come on. Come along with me and board my golden chariot” asked Jayadhradha.
Droupadi was frightened with these words. She was eagerly waiting for the arrival of her husbands. Till their arrival, she wanted to whileaway time with him by talking some thing or other.
“Brother Jayadhradha! You are the husband of Dussala, daughter of Dhrutarashtra. Dussala is the sister of my husbands. Therefore, you are my brother. Is it proper on your part to speak like this.” requested Droupadi.
“Oh Droupadi! Kings need not observe such sentiments with regard to ladies. Kings can enjoy sensual plealsures as they like. It cannot be said that ladies are ones own property. Ladies are meant for enjoyment and enjoyable by all.” said Jayadhradha.
Droupadi grew angry. “You dirty fellow born in Kshatriya community! Knowing fully well about Pandavas and about their vigour and valour, you are insulting me. You will wreak the consequences severely. You know about Bheema. You are pulling the hair of lion lying in the den. You know about Arjuna and his Gandeevam. If he grew angry, you will not remain on this earth. Insulting Nakula and Sahadeva is nothing but crushing the cobras with your feet. Viewing from any angle, your life has come to an end.” said Droupadi in a firm voice.
Jayadhradha laughed at her. “I know much about your husbands and about their heroism. We are also heroes. Without saying any other word, come on board the chariot” asked Jayadhradha.
“Jayadhradha! I am the wife of great warriors. I need not speak to you any more. Again I am cautioning you. Pandavas are my husbands. Sri Krishna is my brother They will kill you. Take care” cautioned Droupadi.
Jayadhradha did not heed her words. He dragged her to the chariot by pulling her saree. He lifted her and kept her on the chariot and went away driving the chariot. His army and friends followed him. Dhoumya, on seeing this, followed the chariot of Jayadhradha crying aloud by saying “You are kshatriya. You should not act like this. Leave her” requested Dhoumya running after the chariot.
In the meanwhile, Pandavas arrived at the cottage. The servant maid told them what had happened. Pandavas chased the chariot of Jayadhradha. On the way, they found Dhoumya. They picked him up and followed Jayadhradha and found them. Jayadhradha asked Droupadi to identify Pandavas. “There is no use of identifying Pandavas now. Your fate is sealed. You are destined to die” told Droupadi.
. Jayadhradha instigated his army to fight against Pandavas. There was a big fight between them. Bheema attacked Kotikaasya and killed him. The kings of Trigartha, Sudhanva, and Suradha were killed in the battle. Arjuna killed Angaaraka, Kunjara, SRunjaya, Sukta, Satrunjaya, Suprabuddha, Subhamkara, Bhramankara, Soora, Radhi, Guhaka, Balaadhya in the battle.
On seeing this Jayadhradha pulled down Droupadi to ground and fled away on his chariot. Arjuna told Bheema “O Brother Bheema! Jayadhradha fled away. Stop killing these innocent persons. Let us catch Jayadhradha” said Arjuna.
All of them came to Droupadi. Droupadi requested Bheema not to leave Jayadhradha and kill him mercilessly. Arjuna requested Dharmaja, Nakula and Sahadeva to go back along with Droupadi and Dhoumya.
Arjuna and Bheema chased Jayadhradha and caught him. Bheema beat him indiscriminately. He lost consciousness.
“Bheemaa, dont beat him any more. He may die” said Arjuna. Bheema took out a sharp knife and shaved his head with five tufts. “Jayadhradha! whereever you go, you should tell ‘I am the slave of Pandavas’ otherwise you will die” ordered Bheema. Then Bheema and Arjuna tied him to the chariot and brought him before Dharmaja. Dharmaja chastised him and let him off. Droupadi laughed at him.
Jayadhradha went to the banks of Ganges and did penance about Lord Siva. Siva appeared before him. “O Lord Siva! I should conquer Pandavas and their army in the war. Please bless me with this boon” requested Jayadhradha.
“It is impossible. No one can defeat Pandavas. As you requested, I will bless you in this way. Only for one day, you will be able to defeat Pandavas except Arjuna” disappeared Lord Siva. Jayadhradha went back to his kingdom.
Later, on one day, Saint Markandeya came to Dharmaja. Dharmaja offered him Arghyam and Paadyam and while taking rest, he asked the saint “O Saint Markandeya! myself, my four brothers and our wife Droupadi are suffering a lot in these forests for a long time. Are there any body who also suffered like us in forests?” asked Dharmaja. Saint Markandeya started to tell the story of Rama.
"Dharmaja! in Ishvaaku Dynasty, there was a king called Aja. His son was Dasaradha. He married three wives. They are Kousalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra. He begot Rama through Kousalya, Bharata through Kaikeyi, and Lakshmana and Satrughna through Sumitra.
Pulastya was Bhramha Maanasa Putra. His son was Vaishravana. Without heeding the words of his father Pulastya, Vaishravana did Tapassu about Brahma. He desired to have a son called Nalakoobara, over all control on the entire treasures on this earth, Lanka kingdom, and friendship with Siva. Brahma blessed him with all the above desires.
His father Pulastya did not relish this. He created one Vishravasu from his body and directed him to do harm to Vaishravana. Knowing about this, Vaishravana approached Vishravasu “I am like your son. Kindly show mercy” so saying Vaishravana gave three girls who are wellversed in music and dance, by name Pushpotkata, Malini and Baka.
All the three girls were serving Vishravasu who blessed them with children. Pushpotkata gave birth to Ravana and Kumbha Karna, Malini gave birth to Visheeshana, Baka gave birth to twins, Khara and Soorpakhana. Of them Ravana was a brave hero with good valour. He got ten heads. Kumbha Karna was cruel hearted and proud. Vibheeshana was kind hearted, soft and virtuous. Khara and Soorpakhana were wicked unruly and sinful characters. They learned Vedas and Sastras, and archery from their father, Visravasu.
One day Vaishravana (also called as Kubera) came down to see Visravasu and his children. Ravana and others were amazed about his laxurious life and wealth. They came to know that Kubera acquired that wealth only by doing Tapassu.
Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Vibheeshana did Tapassu for thousand years. Soorphakhana and Khara were looking after their comforts during Tapassu. Still, Brahma did not appear. Ravana cut one of his heads and put it in the sacred fire. Brahma did not come down. For every thousand years, he cut one of his heads and sacrified it in the sacred fire. Thus ten thousand years completed. Nine heads of Ravana were sacrificed. Lord Brahma did not appear. Ravana was ready to sacrifice his tenth head also to sacred fire. Lord Brahma appeared before them.
“O Lord Brahma! I should not be killed either by divine bodies like Devatas, Pitaras, Gandharvas, Vidyaadharas, or by Yakshas Rakshasas, snakes. I should be blessed with power to go anywhere and everywhere, in any form as I wish, (Kama Roopa) in this universe.” prayed Ravana. Brahma blessed him with all the above desires except death at the hands of human beings.
Then he asked Kumbhakarna about his desire. Kumbhakarna, driven by fate, prayed for a sound sleep. Brahma readily blessed him with his desire.
Then he asked Vibheeshana about his desire. “O Lord! even under any untoward circumstances and ugly and worst situations, I should not react in any sinful manner or act against Dharma. Kindly bless me with Brahmaastra.” prayed Vibheeshana. Lord Brahma was very much satisfied with his virtuous character.
“Though you were born as Danava, you are virtuous. You are blessed with all the boons you have asked. Besides that, you will attain divinity.” Lord Brahma disappeared.
With the strength and power of the boons of Lord Brahma, Ravana attacked Lanka City. On hearing the power of Ravana, Kubera fled away with his Pushpakam (aeroplane). Ravana chased him, caught him and grabbed his Pushpakam. Then Ravana attacked Devaloka and conquered Indra and other Divine bodies.
Unable to bear his atrocities, all Saints, divine bodies approached Brahma and told him about Ravana.
“I have already discussed this matter with vishnu and taken a decision. Sri Maha Vishnu will born as human being and kill Ravana. Indra and other divine bodies will born as monkeys and bears to help him. One Yakshini by name Dundubhi will born as Mandhara and will execute this task.” said Brahma.
Accordingly, Maha Vishnu was born as Rama to the Ikshvaaku King, Dasaradha. All the divine bodies were born as monkeys and bears on earth with huge bodies and enormous strength and courage.
Rama and his brothers studied Vedas and Sastras, Archery. Dasaradha performed their marriages. Rama married Sita, daughter of Janaka, King of Midhila.
Dasaradha decided to enthrone Rama as future king and fixed Muhurat.
At that time Mandhara, the servant maid of Kaikeyi, the second wife of Dasradha, went to Kaika and told her
“O Kaika! you are the second wife of Dasaradha. It appears that your husband does not like you at all. You blindly loved him and believed him. You are cheated by your husband. When your son Bharata is readily available, Dasaradha is enthroning Rama as future king. From tomorrow onwwards, you will be the slave of Kousalya, mother of Rama. Mind it. Wake up and do the needful” said Mandhara.
On hearing these words of Mandhara, Kaika immediately went to Dasaradha. “O my beloved husband! Kindly remember that you have given me a word to ful ful my desire whenever I ask. Now I am asking you. Please keep up that word.”
Without knowing the background, Dasaradha readily agreed for it.
“My son Bharatha should be the future king of Ikshvaaku Kingdom. Rama should proceed to forests for a period of 14years. Kindly accept my proposal” asked Kaika.
On hearing these words, Dasaradha fainted and fell down and lost consciousness. Rama came to know about the desire of his step mother Kaika. Rama proceeded to forests along with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana. Dasaradha regained consciousness and heard that Rama, Sita and Lakshmana went to forests. Unable to bear that mental agony, Daradha died.
Kaika sent for Bharatha who was staying in his grandfather’s house. On his arrival Kaika said: “My son Bharata! Your father, Dasaradha died. Your brothers went to forests. You are the sole heir of this kingdom. Therefore, proclaim yourself as King and rule this kingdom.” said Kaika.
Bharata could not control his anger. He cursed his mother Kaika. “Ammaa! You brought bad name to Soorya Vamsa. You sent my brothers and sister in law to forests and killed my father. Is there any end for your sinful ideas?
Bharata completed the funeral rituals to his father. Bharata proceeded to forest along with his mothers, ministers and brother Satrughna. He met Rama and fell on his feet and prayed for excuse.
“Brother Rama! The Ayodhya kingdom is yours. You come back to Ayodhya and rule this country.” requested Bharata.
Rama did not agree. At last Bharata requested for the footwear of Rama and brought it to Ayodhya. He kept the footwear of Rama on throne and ruling the country on behalf of Rama and was waiting for the arrival of Rama.
Rama, Sita and Lakshmana wento to Dandakaaranya and were staying on the banks of River Godavari. At that time, Soorphakhana, sister of Ravana arrived there and tried to do harm to Rama, Sita and Lakshmana. Lakshmana cut her nose and ears and insulted her.
She went to her brother Khara and Dooshana and told them about her insult. Khara and Dhooshsana went upon Rama and Lakshmana with 14,000 rakshasas. Rama killed all of them. Then Soorphakana went to Ravana, fell on his feet and wept.
Ravana grew angry “Soorpakhana! Who cut your ears and nose. Tell me about him. His life will come to an end. I will kill him.” said Ravana. Soorpakhana told Ravana what had happened in detail.
Immediately, Raavana went to Gokarnam where Maareeca is living. Maareeca was once worked as Minister to Ravana. Earlier, he was defeated by Rama and at pesent staying at Gokarna and doing Tapassu about Siva..
“Maareeca! a human being called Rama killed Khara and Dooshana and his entire army. Now Rama is staying in Dandakaranya. We have to attack him and cause harm to him. You have to help me.” said Ravana.
On hearing these words, Maareeca betan to shiver. “Ravana! Rama is not an ordinary humanbeing. You might not have heard about his vigour and valour. Even Lord Siva cannot face the arrow of Rama. Bad time is ahead of you. That is why you are thinking like this. Kindly give up this idea. I am living peacefully doing Tapassu about Siva.” said Maareecha.
“What are you talking! If you dont heed my words, I will kill you now itself” threatened Raavana.
“It is better to die at the hands of Rama instead of Ravana” thought Maareeca. “Raavana! I am at your disposal” said Maareeca.
“You transform into a golden deer and just wander before Rama’s wife Seeta and lure her. Seeta will ask Rama to bring that deer. Rama will go out to fetch you. Then I will abduct Seeta. Unable to bear the separation from his wife, Seeta, Rama will suffer mental agony. That is what I want” said Ravana.
Accordingly, Maareeca went to the place where Rama and Seeta are staying. In the form of a golden deer he was moving at the cottage of Rama. Seeta saw that deer. She requested Rama to bring that deer. Driven by fate, Rama went behind that deer. That deer ran away. Rama chased that deer for a long distance. Then he realized that it was a trap laid by Raakshasas. He shot that deer by his arrow. Maareecaa cried aloud “Haa Lakshmanaa! Haa Seetaa!” fell down and died.
Seeta heard those cries of Maareeca “Lakshmanaa! It seems your brother is in danger. Go and save him” said Seeta.
“Ammaa Seetaa! Rama is a great hero. He will never be in trouble. Rama will return after killing the enemies” replied Lakshmana.
Seeta grew angry. She suspected Lakshmana. “Lakshmana! I could understand your bad intention. I will even die than to be seduced by you.” said Seeta.
Lakshmana closed his eyes and ears. He went in search of Rama. Ravana who was waiting for that opportunity, entered the Ashram in the attire of a Sanyasi.
Seeta received Ravana and offered him water and fruits. Ravana amazed about the beauty of Sita. He looked at her with lustful looks. He revealed himself.
“Sita! I am Ravana. I am the king of Lanka. Love me I will be your husband. You can enjoy all pleasures in this world. After all Rama is nothing before me. You cannot suffer all these troubles in this forest along with him. Love me. Come along with me” Ravana enticed Sita.
“You are a great king It is not proper on your part to speak like that. I will never think about any other person except Rama in my mind” said Seeta and tried to go away.
Ravana caught Sita, and flew away towards Lanka. Seeta raised hue and cry and requested all Divine bodies to save her.
One eagle heard her cries. His name was Jataayuvu. Jataayuvu attacked Ravana and fought with him. Ravana cut his two wings. Jataayuvu fell down on the ground. Ravana proceeded towards Lanka. In a helpless condition Seetaa was looking down. She saw some monkeys on a mountain peak. . She removed some of her ornaments, tied it in a cloth and dropped the bundle near those monkeys.
Ravana reached Lanka and kept her in Ashoka vana Ravana deputed some rakshasa ladies to guard her.
( “It appears that even in Tretayuga, it was a custom that whenever any lady was arrested and kept in prison, only ladies should be deputed to guard them. Though Ravana was a Rakshasa and an autocrat and a ruthless ruler, he followed that custom.
Now a days, that rule is not being followed. Lady police stations are for namesake. Only males are deputed to guard female prisoners also. Though there are provisions in several laws that ladies should not be arrested and kept in police stations during nights, only female constables shall be deputed to guard female prisoners, only lady police officers shall interrogate lady prisoners, none are following them. The worst is that even “Mahila Courts” are manned by Male Officers.”)
After killing Maareeca, Rama returned to his Ashram. On the way he saw Lakshmana. “Lakshmana! You know that Rakshasas are wondering in this forest. How you left Seeta alone? Let us go fast.”
They both went to Ashram and did not find Seeta They searched for Seeta but in vain. While they were going in forest in search of Seeta, they found Jataayuvu. “Rama! my name is Jataayuvu I am a friend of your father, Dasaradha. Ravana,the Rakshasa King, abducted your wife Sita and proceeded towards south. On hearing her cries, I attacked Ravana. But he cut my wings.” so saying, Jatayuvu died.
After performing the necessary funeral rites to Jatayuvu, Rama and Lakshmana proceeded towards south in search of Sita. On the way, they found one strange creature. He was Kabandha. His eyes were in his chest and his mouth was in his stomach. His hands were too long. With his hands, Kabandha caught Lakshmana and tried to eat him.
“O Rama! I am caught by this strange creature. Save me” cried Lakshmana. Rama cut the hands of Kabandha and rescued Lakshmana. Lakshmana stabbed Kabandha with a knife. That strange creature transformed into a divine male.
“I am a Gandharva. My name is Visvaavasa. I got this Rakshasa birth due to the curse of Brahma and renunciation by the appearance of Rama. Ravana, the King of Lanka abducted your wife Sita and kept her in Lanka. If you proceed further, you will reach Pampa river. After that, there is a hill called Rushyamooka. Sugreeva, brother of Vali is staying on the hill, Rushyamooka. Sugreeva will make friendship with you. Your task will be accomplished with his friendship.”said Gandharva and went away.
Rama and Lakshmana proceeded towards Pampa river. Rama remembered Sita and began to weep. “Brother Rama! Mighty and brave personalities like you should not weep like this. You have to face the troubles with brave and patience. I am your brother, your servant. You should not be depressed like this” consoled Lakshmana.
Rama and Lakshmana reached Rushyamooka Hill. Sugreeva and his ministers staying on the hill saw Rama and Lakshmana. Sugreeva sent Hanumanta to know their whereabouts. Hanumanta tactfully gathered entire information about Rama and reported to Sugreeva. Sugreeva offered his friendly hand to Rama. They both became friends. Sugreeva showed the bundle of jewellery dropped by Sita, to Rama. Rama identified all the jewellary.
“My brother, Vali invaded my kingdom and drove me away. I am taking shelter on this hill. I request you to kill Vali and restore my kingdom. I will help you in searching your wife, Sita." said Sugreeva.
Rama agreed for this proposal. All have gone to the capital, Kishkindha. Sugreeva invited Vali for dual battle. While Vali was going to fight with Sugreeva, his wife Tara stopped him. “It appears that Sugreeva got help from others. I heard that Rama and Lakshmana sons of Dasaradha made friendship with Sugreeva. It seems that wife of Rama was abducted by Lanka king Ravana. Rama sought the help of Sugreeva. In return Rama agreed to help Rama. Besides that, mighty personalities like Mainda, Hanuma, Jambavanta are his ministers. At this juncture, it is not proper for you to fight with Sugreeva. I do not like it” said Tara wisely.
But Vaali did not heed the words of Taara. He went upon Sugreeva for a battle. “Sugreeva! I chased you many times and drove you away. Why you have again come for battle? asked Vali.
“You have taken away my kingdom, my wife and my pleasures. What is the use of my remaining alone. Hence I want to fight with you” said Sugreeva.
Vaali and Sugeeva were fighting with each other fiercely. To identify Sugreeva, Hanuma put a garland in the neck of Sugreeva. Rama killed Vaali by hiding behind a tree. Rama made Sugreeva as the King of Kishkindha.
“Rama! you kept your word. I will also keep my word. Now it is monsoon. After monsoon, I will send all my army in search of Sita.” said Sugreevaa.
In Lanka, Sita was spending time with the thoughts of Rama. Rakshasa ladies Tryakshi, Tristani, Ekapaada, Deerghajihva, Ajihva, Trijata, Ekalocana were sitting around Sita and guarding her. They are instigating Sita to marry Ravana otherwise they will kill her and eat her.
Sita was requesting them time and again that she will never thought about another man except Rama in her mind and requested them to kill her and relieve her from this agony. All the Rakshasa ladies except Trijata went to Ravana about this.
“Sita! You are not alone here. One Rakshasa called Avindhya likes your husband, Rama very much. He sent me here to look after your comforts. Rama and Lakshmana knew that Ravana abducted you. They met Sugreeva and made friendship with him. Sugreeva is making arrangements for your search. On account of Rambha, Nala koobara cursed Ravana that he should not touch any other lady against her will. Hence Ravana will never molest you.
Last night, I got a dream. In that dream, Ravana, applied oil to his body, with disturbed hair, was proceeding southwards, on a chariot driven by donkeys. He was surrounded by Kumbhakarna and other Rakshasas, with disturbed hair, and without clothes. All are proceeding towards south. Vibheeshana, decorated with white flowers, with a white umbrella, was sitting on a white hill with his ministers.
I also saw Rama in my dream. Rama was going on a big elephant along with Lakshmana consuming sweet milk. My dream will become true. You will join your husband soon” said Trijata. On hearing the consoling words of Trijata, the agony of Sita subsided to some extent.
Ravana continued his trials to win the favour of Sita. In the early morning, Ravana came down to Asoka Vana. “O Sita! I like you I fell in love with you. Why you are depressing and spoiling your health like this. I am yours. You rule me. I obey your orders. I conquered all Devatas, yakshas, Rakshasas. Several ladies are under my control. But I am under your control. It is your fortune. Tell me who is Rama? A human being wandering in forests, leaving his kingdom. A tiny personality. It is silly even now to think about him. What pleasure you enjoy with him? But I am the king of Kings. 14 crore rakshasas are serving me. 86 crores Yakshasa are under my thumb. The Great Trasurer of this Universe, Kubera, is my brother. Visravasa is my father. All Gandharva ladies and Apsarasas are seving me always. All the treasures and pleasures in the house of Devendra are readily in my palace. Be a Queen of all these riches and pleasures. Enjoy yourself” said Ravana.
On hearing all these words patiently, Sita kept a grass piece in between her and Ravana and said “O Ravana! I am another’s wife, thinking about my husband always. I am a human being. You are Rakshasa. I never love you. How can you enjoy sensual plealsures with a woman who do not love you. You told me that you are the grandson of Lord Brahma and the brother of Kubera. Such a great man like you should know about Dharma. You should not shamessly talk like this.” told Sita in a sobbing voice.
Ravana went back with great disappointment.” said Saint Markandeya to Dharmaja, the story of Ramayana.
MAHA BHARAT - ARANYA PARVA –
6TH CHAPTER - COMPLETED.

In Naimisharanya, Ugrasravasu (sooti) son of Roma harshana continued to tell the story of Mahabharat, as told by Saint Vaisampaayana to King Janamejaya, to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints.
In Kishkandha, Sugreeva was enjoying royal pleasures while Rama and Lakshmana were spending time in a cave in Malyavanta mountain. The winter season was over. There was no response from Sugreeva.
"Lakshmana! Sugreeva might have forgotten us and spending a luxurious life. You proceed to Kishkandha and remind him about us. If he has done any arrangements to make a search for Sita, bring him here. Otherwise, kill him." ordered Rama.
Accordingly, Lakshmana went to Kishkandha and informed Sugreeva about the intention of Rama. Sugreeva shivered.
"Lakshmana! I am not such a foolish fellow to forget the word given to Rama. I have already sent Vanaras to all sides with specific instructions to return back within one month. Still there is five days time for their return. Soon after I get any information about Sita, I will myself come to Rama and inform him." said Sugreeva.
Lakshmana satisfied with his reply. Lakshmana along with Sugreeva went to Rama and informed him what had happened. Rama also satisfied with the reply given by Sugreeva.
All the Vanaras went to all sides returned with empty hands except those who went to southern side. One month time given by Sugreega expired. Still there is no response from southern side.
One day, Sugreeva received information that Angada, Hanumanta and other Vanaras. who were sent to southern side, were spoiling the garden called Madhuvan, eating the fruits, breaking the branches and jumping on the trees in a joyous mood. Sugreeva thought that they might have got some useful information about Sita. He sent for them.
Angada, Hanumanta and others stood before Rama and Sugreeva. On behalf of all, Hanuman told thus:
"Rama, Sugreeva, we have all gone towards south and found Sita. I will tell everything in detail. While we were searching, we found a big cave. We entered the cave and proceeded further. We reached Malaya Hill on the sea shore. None of us could jump over the sea and reach the otherside. Whie we were discussing amongst us what to do, one big bird overheard the name of Jataayuvu, in our conversation.
"Kindly tell me who are you. You are talking about Jatayuvu. He is my brother. My name is Sampati. Once myself and Jatayuvu flew upto Sun. My wings were burnt away and I fell down here. Since then, I am staying here. Kindly tell me if you know anything about my brother, Jatayuvu." asked Sampati.
Then I told Sampati about Ravana abducting Sita and the attack of Jatayuvu and also about Ravana killing Jatayuvu. He felt sad about the death of his brother Jatayuvu.
"I know about Ravana. He is a Rakshasa. At a distance of 100 Yojanas, there is a City called Lanka. Ravana is the Ruler of Lanka. You may find Sita in Lanka" said Sampati.
In fact, none of us are capable of jumping over the sea and reach Lanka. But with the grace of my father, Vayu Deva, I could get that strength. I jumped over the sea and reached Lanka. I searched for Sita at several places and found her in a garden called Ashoka Vana. I introduced myself to Sita told her about your welfare, and also about your friendship with Sugreeva.
At the inception she did not believe my words. I told her that I am not Rakshasa. After some time, she told me "Hanuma, Rakshasas are moving in so many forms. Hence I suspected you. One Rakshasa Lady, Trijata also told me about Sugreeva, the king of Vanaras. I trust you. Please take this ornament and give it to Rama. On my behalf, kindly request Rama to come over to Lanka and take me away with the help of Sugreeva." Sita told me with tears in her eyes. Sita also told me about the incident of a miracle crow happened on ChitrakooTa mountain. Hanuma gave the ornament given my Sita to Rama. Rama hugged it to his heart.
" Sugreeva! please make arrangements to proceed to Lanka and rescue Sita." said Rama Sugreeva sent word to all the Vanaras on the earth. Vanaras were flooding to Kishkindha in thousands and lakhs. Vanara warriors viz, Gavaya,Gaja, Kumuda,Sushena arrived Kishkindha with crores of Vanaras. Jambavanta, a bear, arrived with his army.
On an auspicious day, Rama, Lakshmana, Sugreeva, Angada, Hanuma, Jambavanta along with their army proceeded towards Lanka. Hanuma was the Chief of Army. Angada, Neela, Nala were helping him. The entire army reached the sea shore.
"Sugreeva find out a way to cross the sea with this mighty army" asked Rama. Some suggested to fabricate small boats to cross the sea.
"It is of no use. Our army is mighty and innumerable. It is not possible to fabricate such huge number of boats. Besides that, while we were crossing the sea on boats, our enemies never keep quiet. They will drown us in the sea. I will tell you another plan. I will worship the sea god, Sagara. Without the help of sea we cannot do anything. If the sea does not come down to help us, I will dry up the sea with my arrows" said Rama.
Rama began to worship Sagara with utmost devotion. Sagara (sea god) came down to Rama.
"Sagara! You have to give way for us to cross the sea" requested Rama.
"Rama! I will never cause any obstruction to you and your army while crossing the sea. Today, if I give way to you, tomorrow every person by using his power and strenngth, will try to subdue me and demand me to give way to the otherside. In your army, there is one vanara called Nala. He is an engineer and architect. With his help, you can build one bringe on the sea. I will manage that every stone thrown by him in the sea will float on the water." said the sea god.
Rama called Neela and ordered him to construct a Setu (bridge) over the sea. Nala constructed a Setu measuring 100 Yojanas long and ten yojanas wide.
In the meanwhile differences arose between Ravana and his brother Vibheeshana. Vibheeshana was exiled from Lanka. He came to Rama and sought his refuge. Rama promised to help him.
Rama, Lakshmana, Sugreeva and the entire Vanara Army crossed the sea over the bridge constructed by Nala and reached the City of Lanka. Sree Rama went up the Chitrakoota hill and gave directions to the army to erect Army Tents around the City of Lanka on four sides.
Suka and Saarana, the spies of Ravana, in disguise as Vanaras, mingled in Vanara army and collected all the vanara army secrets. Vibheeshana identified them as spies and caught them. Rama excused them and sent them back to Lanka.
Suka and Sarana went to Lanka and informed Ravana about the mighty army of Rama and it was highly difficult to conquer Rama. Ravana made all arrangements to protect Lanka from the invasion.
Rama sent Angada son of Vali, to Ravana, as emissary, for requesting Ravana to send back Sita to Rama with apoligies.
Angada went to Lanka, met Ravana in his Court, and said: "Ravana! Rama asked me to inform you like this:
'You killed many sages and saints who were performing Tapassu in forests. You brought several divine ladies as hostages. You have committed several atrocities. You have abducted my wife Sita and committed a great blunder. Only two options are left to you. Surrender Sita to me with apoligies or meet me in the war front. There is no other way. You are not afraid of human beings. But I will reduce the strength of Rakshasas to nothing. Take care" said Angada on behalf of Rama.
At the instigation of Ravana, some Rakshasas tried to catch Angada. But Angada jumped on them, killed them and ran away. He went back to Rama and told him what had happened. Sri Rama declared war on Ravana. The Vanara Army surrounded the city of Lanka and drove away the guards of Lanka. Ravana also sent his army to fight with Vanaras. Rama and Lakshmana also entered the war. There was a big fight between Vanara army and Rakshasa army.
Rakshasa army was indulging in miracle war. Now Vibheeshana, who is wellversed and an expert in miracle war, entered the war front and killed all raakshasas. Rakshasas informed Ravana about the fighting of Vibheeshana. Now Ravana himself entered the war. There was a war between Rama and Ravana.
Lakshmana attacked Indrajit, son of Ravana, with powerful arrows. Unable to control Rama's arrows, Ravana returned back to Lanka. Ravana sent another hero Prahasta to war. Vibheeshana killed Prahasta with his Sakti. Dhumraksha replaced Prahasta. Hanumanta attacked Dhumraksha. Rakshasas could not stand before Hanuman and fled away. Hanuman killed Dumraksha. Ravana was very unhappy on hearing that Prahasta and Dumraksha died in war.
He ordered to wake up Kumbhakarna who was in deep sleep by blowing horns, beating trumpets, etc. Kumbha karna woke. Ravana said to Kumbhakarna.
"You are having a sound sleep. I am striken with all woes. I abducted one Sita, wife of Rama son of Dasaradha. Rama came upon me with Vanara army. Our heroes Prahasta and Dhoomraaksha were killed in war. Hence it is time for you to enter the war field. Vajra Vega and Pramasha will be by your side" said Ravana.
Kumbhakarna immediately went to the war field. On seeing the huge and fiercest personality of Kumbhakarna, vanaras were frightened. Kumbha Karna was proceeding towards Rama and Lakshmana. Vanaras made a vain attempt to stop Kumbha Karna. Lakshmana hit Kumbha karna with his powerful arrows. Lakshmana cut the two hands of Kumbha karna. Four hands were generated. Again Lakshmana cut his four hands. Again he got the same hands. Lakshmana launched Brahmaastra to kill Kumbha Karna. Kumbha Karna was killed by Lakshmana.
Then Vajra Vega and Pramadhi came upon Lakshmana. Hanumanta and Neela hurled two hills on Vajra Vega and Pramadhi and killed both of them. On hearing that Kumbha Karna, Vajra Vega and Pramadhi were killed, Ravana was in distressed mood.
At that time Megha Nadha (also called Indrajit) son of Ravana, told Ravana "Kindly send me to the war field. I will catch Rama and Ravana and bring them before you." said Indrajit. Ravana was very happy and blessed his son.
Indrajit entered the war field. He attacked Lakshmana. Both were fighting. Angada hurled a big tree towards Indrajit and killed his chariot driver. Indrajit flew away into the sky. Indrajit began to fight from sky invisibly. Rama and Lakshmana hit Indrajit with Sabdavedi arrows but in vain. Indrajit launched Naagaastra and tied Rama and Lakshmana with Nagaastra. Both Rama and Lakshmana fainted. Sugreeva, Sushena, Jambanata and other Vanaras were sitting around Rama and Lakshmana in grief. Vibheeshana arrived there He launched Brahmaastra and and rescued Lakshmana. Rama and Lakshmana gained consciousness. Sugreeva applied Visalya Karani and removed all the poisonous remains from the bodies of Rama and Lakshmana.
In the meanwhile, Kubera, through one Svetha, sent some miracle water. "Rama and Lakshmana, Kubera sent some miracle water. If you wash your eyes with that water, Indrajit will be visible to you" said Vibheeshana. Rama and Lakshmana appied that water to their eyes. They could see Indrajit fighting in the sky. Lakshmana attacked Indrajit and cut his two hands with arrows and cut his head with a spear. Indrajit fell on the ground and died.
On hearing the news about his son's death, Ravana could not control his grief. He thought that Sita was the root cause for all this. He took out a long knife and went to Asoka Vana to kill Sita.
Avindhya, the old Rakshasa stopped him. "Ravana! You are a valiant hero. You conquered Indra. It is not proper for such a hero to kill an ordinary lady. It is shameful. If you are so powerful, you can attack Rama and win the war. By killing an ordinary woman you will not get any fame." said Avindhya.
Ravana became wise. He went to the war field to attack Rama. War between Rama and Ravana began. Indra sent his divine chariot, Vaijayanti along with the chariot driver Matali to Rama.
"Rama! Indra by using this chariot, conquered all the demons in Deva Danava war. You also use this chariot and kill your enemies." said Matali.
Sri Rama boarded that chariot. Matali was driving the chariot. Rama killed Ravana with Brahmaastra. The entire universe was very happy.
Avindhya, followed by Vibheeshana, brought Sita and handed over to Rama. Rama looked at Sita.
"O Sita! it is not just and proper on my part to take back my wife, Sita who was in the custody of my enemy for a pretty long time. I killed Ravana only to wreak vengeance and also for his misdeeds but not for your sake. Either you may be chaste or unchaste, I cannot take you back. You can go anywhere you like." told Rama.
Unable to hear those words, Sita fell on the ground. "O Rama! I will enter the sacred fire and prove my chastity. Please permit me" requested Sita.
With the permission of Rama, Sita entered sacred fire. The five elements, Earth, Fire, space, water and wind spoke with one voice "Rama! Sita is chaste and virtuous. You need not suspect her. We were around her all the time. We know the truth."
In the meanwhile, Brahma and other divine bodies arrived there. "Rama! You killed Ravana and rendered great help to mankind. Ravana was cursed by Nalakoobara if Ravana touches any lady against her wish, his head will be broken. Hence Ravana could not and did not touch Sita. You can receive her without any suspicion in your mind" said Brahma.
Brahma restored life to all the Vanaras who were killed in war and went away. Matali along with his chariot, Vaijayanti, went back to Devaloaka. Rama along with Sita and Lakshna went back to Ayodhya on Pushpaka.
O Dharmaja! Like you, Rama also experienced many woes in the forests and at last got back his king dom and was very happy. On completion of 13 years, you also will get back your king dom" said Saint Markandeya, the story of Rama.
On hearing the story of Rama and Sita with great devotion, Dharmaja praised the heroism of Rama and devotion of Sita towards her husband.
"O saint Markandeya! are there any other virtuous ladies who were so devotional towards to their husbands." asked Dharmaja.
Saint Markandeya began to tell the story of Savitri and Satyavanta to Dharmaja.
"In the ancient past, King Aswapati was ruling Madra Kingdom. He had no children. He worshipped Deity Savitree Devi for eighteen years with great devotion. Deity Savitri appeared before me and asked him to choose whatever he wants. King Aswapati humbly requested for a son. But Deity Savitri blessed him with a girl. Aswapati was dissatisfied.
"O mother Savitri! I worshipped you with great devotion. You have come. You should fulfil my wish." requested Aswapati.
"O King Aswapati! I discussed your matter with Lord Brahma. But he blessed you with a daughter. His decision is final. But you will beget 100 sons later. Be happy" so saying Deity Savitri Devi disappeared.
Later, King Aswapati begot a child. Aswapati named her as Savitri. After attaining marriageable age, King Aswapati was making arrangements to perform her marriage. But Savitri heard through her friends and others about Satyavanta son of Dyumatsena, king of Saalva Kingdom. Satyavanta was so handsome and virtuous youth. Savitri fell in love with him but due to shyness she did not express her love before others.
One day Saint Narada came down to King Aswapati. Savitri also bowed before him and stood by the side of her father.
"O King Asvapati! Why have you not performed the marriage of your daughter Savitri sofar?" asked Narada
Asvapati looked at his daughter. "Have you heard what Saint says? You choose any youth whom you wish. I will perform the marriage" said Asvapati.
"I heard about one youth, Satyavanta son of Salva King. I fixed him as my husband. Kindly perform my marriage with him. King Salva was exiled from his kingdom by his enemies and he is now living in forests. Still I will marry his son, Satyavanta" said Savitri.
King Aswapati enquired Saint Narada about the antecedents of Satyavanta.
"O King Asvapati! as he always speaks truth, he is called as Satyavanta. His original name was TraaSva. He is equivalent to Bruhaspati in wisdom. In vigour and valour he excels Devendra. He shines more than moon. He worships Brahmins. But there is one unpleasant thing in his life. He will die one year after his marriage. Because I know this fact, I am telling you. You can do whatever you like" said Narada.
King Asvapati was very much annoyed "See, my daughter! Satyavanta's life is very short. Kindly choose another king." said Asvapati.
"Mind is greatest of all. I loved Satyavanta in my mind. Whatever it may be, I will marry him and face the consequences." said Savitri with firm voice.
"O King Asvapati! your daughter is a virtuous lady. Her desire is irrevocable. Perform her marriage with Satyavanta. As a result of her acquiring Punya, Satyavanta may be immortal" said Narada and went away.
Accordingly Asvapati, along with his daughter Savitri went to Dyumatsena who was living in forests.
"King Dyumatsena! she is my daughter, Savitri, an educated and virtuous lady. She wants to marry your son, Satyavanta. Kindly receive her as your daughter-in-law" requested Asvapati.
"King Asvapati! we lost our kingdom and now living in forests. You daughter is a princess. How can she live in forests along with us." said Dyumatsena.
"O king Dyumatsena! All these riches and pleasures are not eternal. Today they will be with us. Tomorrow they will vanish. We should not worry for the sake of such riches. My daughter is not a kid. She took this decision after thinking for a long time. Please dont reject our offer" requested Asvapati.
Dyumatsena could not say "No". The marriage of Savitri and Satya vanta was performed. Savitri was serving her husband with greatest devotion. One year elapsed. Four days were left. Savitri observed Deeksha.
On the last day, she worshipped Deity Savitri. She served her husband and mother in law and father in law. Satyavanta told her that he was going into forest to fetch some fruits and fuel. Savitri followed him to forest.
After plucking some fruits, Satyavanta was cutting a dried tree for fuel. He felt some headache. He sat under the tree. Savitri put his head on her lap and serving him. Satyavanta lost consciousness.
Before Savitri, a mighty huge black divine personality, with a long rope in his hand, appeared.
"Oh Divine Personality! Who are you?" asked Savitri.
"My name is Yama Dharma Raja. As you are a virtuous lady worshipping your husband with great devotion, you could see me. I am invisible to others. The life of your husband, Satyavanta came to an end. I have come to take off his life." so saying Yama hurled his rope towards Satyavanta and dragged his life through the rope and was proceeing towards south.
Savitri preserved and concealed the body of her husband in a shrub. She followed Yamadharma Raja in the same path as he was proceeding.
Yama looked at Savitri. "Why you are following me? Stop. Dont proceed. Go back. You cannot come along with me" said Yama.
"O Yama! The duty of a virtuous lady is to follow her husband. It is dharma. With your blessings and with my devotion towards my husband, is there any place where I cannot enter. In all paths, Dharma is highest. Virtuous people are the roots of Dharma. You are such a virtuous personality. I got your blessings. I should get all good things in my life. Without getting anything, how can I go back?" said Savitri.
Yama wondered about talking "Oh Savitri I am very much admired about your talking. Choose anything except your husband's life." said Yama.
"My father in law has no eye sight. Kindly restore his eye sight" asked Savitri.
"It will be done. Now you can go back" said Yama. But Savitri followed Yama.
"O Yama! through mind, speech and deeds, not causing harm to others, showing kindness towards others, giving out moneys in charity, respecting elders are arya dharmas. You are embodiment of dharma. There is nothing not known to you. You are equal towards all. Hence you are called "Samavarti"." praised Savitri.
Yama was very much admired. "Savitri! your words are sweet and excellent. Again choose one more boon except your husband's life" said Yama.
"O Yamadharma Raja! The kingdom of my father in law was invaded by enemies. Kindly restore his kingdom." asked Savitri.
"Savitri! your desire will be fulfilled. Now you can go back" said Yama and began to proceed further. Still, Savitri did not leave him. She continued to follow Yama.
"O Yama Dharma Raja! as you are well aware, virtuous people will never leave their virtues in any great calamities and hardships. They will not have any illusion. Therefore, even in these circumstances, how can I leave my husband . It is not just and proper on my part as I have to follow Dharma" said Savitri.
"O Savitri! I am very much satisfied with your devotion towards your husband. Choose one more except your husband's life" said Yama.
"My father has no sons. Bless him with hundred sons" asked Savitri.
"Sure he will get one hundred sons. Atleast even now go back. You are very much tired. You cannot proceed further" said Yama
O Yama! for a virtuous lady, serving her husband with utmost devotion is her utmost duty. How can I get tired? Virtuous persons who are peforming Dharma are very rare. With their performance of Dharma, Sun and Moon are moving with great discipline. If we speak seven words with anybody, they are our friends and relatives. I have so far spoken many words with you. Now you are my relative. You must fulfil my desire." said Savitri.
"I am very much satisfied with your lovely words. Choose whatever you like" said Yama forgetting to add the suffix "except your husband'slife".
Savitri took advantage of that situation. "O Yama dharma rajaa, so far you are saying "except your husband's life." This time you did not tell. Now I will choose whatever I like. Without husband, the life of wife is useless and horrible. She will not be called to any auspicious functions. Hence, restore my husband's life imemdiately. This is my final desire" said Savitri.
Yamadharma Raja was very much admired with her tactness talkativeness. " I am restoring your husband's life He will live for four hundred years with great name and fame. Through him, you will beget one hundred sons." Yama went away.
Savitri was very happy. Hurriedly she returned back to the place where she kept her husband's body. She kept her husband's head on her lap and prayed Yama. After some time, Satyavanta woke up as if he was waking from sleep.
"What Savitri! What happened to me. I slept for long time. You might have woken me up. In my sleep there was a dream in which I was dragged by some one. Is it true?" asked Satyavanta.
"I will tell you everything later. Now it is too late Your father and mother might be worrying about us. Let us go back to our home" said Savitri. Both of them went back to their Ashram by which time his father, Dyumatsena's eye sight was restored. He could his son and daughter in law.
"O my son and daughter-in-law! Where are you for such a long time after sun-set?" asked Dyumatsena.
Satyavanta told his father about his headache, his sleep and his dream in which he saw a huge and fearful personality. Then Savitri continued:
"As per the words of Narada, my husband will die today. Hence I followed him to forest. There he fainted and fell down. Yamadharma Raja came down to take the lives of my husband. While he was taking away the lives of my husband, I followed him. I praised him and got four boons One is to get back the lives of my husband, the second is to restore your eye sight. The third is to restore your kingdom and the last is to bless my father with 100 sons . In this way I could save my husband from death" said Savitri.
Dyumatsena praised Savitri with great admiration. Later, the friends of Dyumatsena arrived and informed him that his enemies quarrelled among themselves and died. Now the kingdom is waiting for his rule. Dyumatsena again became the king of Salva Kingdom and Satyavanta was incornated as Yuva Raja. Savitri enjoyed all kingly pleasures.
Dharmajaa! like Savitri, your wife Droupadi also bring back your pleasures and riches and kingdom." said Markandeya.
Now Janamejaya asked Saint Vaisampaayana about the story of Indra taking away Kavacha and Kundala of Karna. Vaisampayana continued to say.
"Pandavas almost completed their 12 years period of Vana Vasa. At that time, Indra, father of Arjuna, thought that he should do some help to Pandavas. As long as Karna had Kavaca and Kundala on his body, Arjuna cannot kill him. Hence he wanted to take away those Kavaca and Kundala by some means or other.
Soorya (sun god) the father of Karna, came to know about this plan. He came down to Karna in the attire of a Brahmin and told Karna while he was alone.
"Karna! To safeguard your interest and your life I will tell you a few words. Indra is intending to take away your Kavaca and Kundala. Those Kavaca and Kundala are immortal. As long as they are attached to your body, none will kill you. Dont be cheated by Devendra." said Sun God.
"I do not know who are you. Kindly reveal your identify" asked Karna.
"Karna! I am Soorya, sun god. I got love and affection upon you. Hence I have come down to caution you" said Soorya.
"O Deity Soorya! I worship brahmins and I will give away whatever they want. If Devendra comes down in the attire of Brahmin and asks me, I will give away even my life. These Kavaca and Kundala are nothing before Devendra. If Devendra, in violation of Dharma, comes down to me in disguise, it will spoil his fame. It will add another feather in my crown. Nothing is more than name and fame in this world. It will safeguard us like mother. All woes will encircle a defamed person. Fulfilling the wishes of Brahmins, killing my mighty enemies, safeguarding refugees, not killing brahmins, old and children are my vows. I cannot violate them. Even if Devendra comes down and asks my Kavaca and Kundala, I will gladlygive them without any hesitation" said Karna in firm voice.
"OKarna! you are paying deaf ear to the words of your well wishers. What is the result of getting fame which will cause harm and hardship to you and your people? First you save your life. If you are alive, you may get more name and fame. If you are alive, your wife and children will enjoy the royal pleasures. After death, man will be reduced to ashes. He cannot perceive his name and fame after death. You are worshipping me. It is my duty to safeguard your interests. Besides that, there is a divine secret also which will be known to you in course of time. Arjuna is your enemy. If Kavaca and Kundala are on your body, Arjuna can never kill you. Listen my words" told Soorya.
"O Soorya! I am very much thankful to you, for your kind words. Dont be angry. I cannot violate my self- imposed discipline. Dont think that I cannot kill Arjuna. I got many Astras and Sastras given by Parasurama, Drona. They are not ordinary missiles, with the help of which I will kill Arjuna. Please dont think otherwise. Shower your blessings upon me" Karna bowed before Surya.
"Karna! if you decide to give away your Kavaca and Kundala to Indra, kindly do one thing. There is one weapon with Indra, called Sakti. Instead of Kavaca and Kundala, take Sakti from him. It will kill Arjuna." so saying, Surya went away.
Karna was waiting for the arrival of Devendra.
At this juncture, Janamejaya asked saint Vaisampaayana "O Saint! you told me that there was a divine secret about the birth of Karna. Kindly tell me" asked Janamejaya. Vaisampaayana continued to say:
"Kunti Devi, also called Prudha, was the daughter of King Kunti Bhoja. Prior to her marriage, one day, saint Doorvaasa visited their house. Doorvaasa expressed his intention to remain in his house for some time and asked Kuntibhoja to depute one person who can serve him obediently.
Kuntibhoja deputed his daughtger, Kunti to serve saint Doorvasa. Kunti was serving saint Doorvaasa with utmost obedience and devotion.
At times, Saint Doorvaasa used to test her. He will say that he will come early morning but arrives late in the night. Kunti waited for him late in the night and served him. Some times he will say that he will come in the evening but arrived much in advance. Kunti, without giving room for any complaint, served Doorvaasa with utmost devotion.
Saint Doorvaasa was very much satisfied. "Kunti! I am leaving your house tomorrow. I am very much satisfied with your services. Choose anything you like. I will bless you" asked Doorvaasa.
"Your kind words that you are satisfied with my humble service itself is sufficient I do not want anything more" replied Kunti humbly.
"No. I will give you something. Ok. Now I will tell you one Mantra. If you chant this Mantra and invite any divine body, he will be under your control and bless you. But you should invite that divine personality while you were alone" so saying Saint Doorvaasa told her one Mantra and went away.
One day, Kunti after taking holy bath, sat at a lonely place. She intended to test the Mantra given by Saint Doorvaasa. At that morning hour, sun was coming out on his golden chariot. She fell in love with him. Kunti chanted Mantra and desired to have a son resembling Sun God.
With the power of that Mantra, Sun God appeared before him in human form.
"O Kunti! I am Sun. With the power of Mantra chanted by you, I have come. I will do whatever you intended in your mind." said Sun God. Kunti was in utter confusion.
"Oh Sun God! You have got nothing to be done here. Out of idle curiosity, I invited you by chanting Mantra. I do not want anything. Kindly leave this place " prayed Kunti.
"Kunti! certainly I will leave this place but only after fulfilling your desire. Tell me frankly. You desired to have a son through me with natural Kavacha and Kundala like me. I will fulfill your desire, if you agree to have intercourse with me. You will beget a son. Otherwise, your parents will be killed. Besides that, I will also reduce that Saint Doorvasa to ashes, as he gave that Mantra to you without knowing about your capacity. Look at the heaven. All the divine bodies are laughting at me." said Sun God with anger.
"O Sun God! Without the permission of my parents how can I accept for intercourse with you. Childishly, with an intention to test that Mantra, I did like this. Kindly excuse me" prayed Kunti. But Sun God did not agree. Still Kunti tried to convince Sun God.
" An unmarried girl, only after marriage in the presence of her parents, relatives and frineds, will enjoy sensual plealsures with her husband. But having intercourse with some other person before marriage is not Dharma. Is it proper on your part, to force me, to resort to Adharma. You are well aware of every dharma. If you feel it just and proper to have intercourse with me, without the knowledge of my parents, you can do as you please. I will bear that defame." surrendered Kunti.
(Here Sun God enunciated one strange concept which is being adopted nowadays by the youth under the guise of "love affairs" and it is being propagated in the writings of great writers and in the movies also.)
"O virgin lady! Your parents or relatives are not fit or proper to give away yourself in marriage. You are the sole owner of your body. What is the meaning of " a kanya" (an unmarried girl). One who can fulfil her own desires either sensually or otherwise, is "Kanya". It is your personal affair. Hence, there is nothing wrong in fulfilling your sensual desires without the knowledge of your parents or elders. If it is unworthy and adharma, how I can I propse this. Your virginity or chastity will never be spoiled with your intercourse with me. You will never be defamed. You will beget a glorious son through me." so saying Sun God convinced Kunti and had an intercourse with her and made her pregnant.
Her pregnancy was growing day by day, month my month. The fact that Kunti was pregnant was known only to her servant maid and none else. One night, Kunti delivered a male child with natural Kavacha and Kundala, long hands, strong and shining body. Unable to bear the defame, Kunti kept that child in a box and kept it on a smallboat tied it securely and left it in the river Asva. She wept aloud for mercilessly leaving the child in the river.
That boat travelled in the river and entered CharmaNvati river and from there it entered River Yamuna. At last the box entered River Ganga. When that box reached Pampa City, one soota called Athiradha, a friend of King Dhrutarashtra, was bathing in the river along with his wife Radha. He saw the box. Immediately he sent his men to fetch the box. He opened the box and found a boy with strong and shining body with natural Kavacha and kundala. He gave the child tohis wife Radha
"God is great. He blessed us with this child as we are issueless. This child is not an ordinary child. He might have been born to divinebodies. We will look after this child as our own son" said Atiradha.
His wife Radha was very happy. She hugged the child with motherly affection. As the child was having natural ear rings, he was named as Karna. He was also named as Vasu Sena as he was shining with golden colour.
In that manner, Soorya Putra became Soota putra. Kunti was enquiring about the welfare of the child from time to time. She came to know that the child reached a safest place.
Karna was growing day by day like the moon in Sukla Paksha. He joined Dronacarya and Krupacarya for learning archery. He also approached Parasurama and learnt archery. Later Karna became the friend of Duryodhana. Because of the friendship with Duryodhana, he opposed Pandavas and became bitter enemy to them. In that manner, Indra intended to take away the Kavaca and Kundala from Karna to safeguard the interests of Pandavas, especially of Arjuna, who is no other than his son.
One day, Indra, in the attire of Brahmin, came down to Karna. At that time, Karna was worshipping Sun God with great devotion. After pooja, Karna was giving gold and money to Brahmins.
Indra stood before Karna and asked "Bikshaam Dehi" (give me alms).
"Choose whatever you want?" asked Karna.
"Give me your Kavaca and Kundala" asked Indra.
Karna realised that that Brahmin is no other than Indra.
"O Brahmin! These Kavaca and Kundala are of no use to you. Instead, you can ask gold, silvler, money, diamonds etc." said Karna.
"No I want Kavaca and Kundala" said Indra.
"O Brahmin! if you desire, I will give away my Anga Desa." said Karna testing Indra.
Indra said "No. I want Kavacha and Kundala".
"O Brahmin! I know you are Indra. You are divine bodies and immortals. We are mortals. We have to worship you for boons. But you have come down and asking me. What is this? Is it not strange?" asked Karna.
"Karna! Your father, Sun God, might have told everything to you. Hence you could recognise me. Any how, please give me your Kavacha and Kundala" asked Indira
"If you give your "Sakti" to me, I will give my Kavaca and Kundala" said Karna
"Sure I will gladly give you. But it is useful only once. Generally, if I use it, it will kill the object and return back to me. In the same manner, even if you use it, it will kill your enemy and will return back to me but not to you. So it is useful only once." explained Indra.
Karna smiled. "Indra, the only enemy of mine is Arjuna. If your Sakti kills him, it is sufficient. My wish will be fulfilled" said Karna.
"I know your desire. You want to kill Arjuna. As long as Krishna is by his side, you cannot kill him" said Indra.
"Leave it. Killing Arjuna is my affair. If I cut my Kavacha from my body, my body will be disfigured. What is the remedy for this?" asked Karna.
"You need not worry. Your body will always shine like your father, Soorya." said Indra.
Then Indra gave his "Sakti" to Karna. In return, Karna cut his body and part with his Kavacha and Kundala. After receiving them, Indra went away.
On hearing this, Kourvas felt sad and Pandavas were jubilant.
Janamejaya, in this manner, Indra took away Kavacha and Kundalas from Karna" told Vaisampaayana.
Vaisampaayana continued to tell the story of Maha Bharat to Janamejaya.
While Pandavas were spending their last year in the forests, one day, a poor Brahmin came running.
"O great men, I hanged my churning stick (AraNi) to the branch of a tree. One deer came there running. The arani hanging to the branch tucked to its horns. The deer ran away with the churning stick. Kindly bring back my churning stick to me" requested Brahmin.
Dharmaja and his four brothers, wearing bows and arrows, chased that deer. But none of the arrows hit the deer. They were tired and sat under a tree and taking rest.
"Brother Dharmaja! we were born in a highest race, learnt all Dharma Sastras, and we were kind enough towards others. Still, why we are stricken with all these woes." asked Nakula.
"Nakula! either joy or sorrow in life will happen only due to our deeds and none else." said Dharmaja
"Nakulaa! on that day when Praatigaami brought Droupadi to Sabha, had we killed the Kouravas, we would not have been stricken with all these woes." said Bheema.
"Brother Bheemaa! Not only that, the main reason is that we kept quiet as cowards and proceeded to forests, without cutting the toungue of Karna when he maligned us. Had we cut the head of Sakuni on that day itself, all these would not have happened." said Sahadeva.
"Nakulaa, for the present, all your brothers are thirsty, find out whether there is water in the vicinity" asked Dharmaja.
Nakula climbed a tree and found a small pond nearby and told the same to Dharmaja.
"You go there, drink, and bring some water for us also" asked Dharmaja.
Nakula went near that pond When he was about to drink water he heard a voice "This pond is mine. If you want to drink water, you have to answer my questions".
Nakula did not care for those words, drank the water, came out of the pond and fell on the ground unconscious.
As Nakula did not return for a long time, Dharmana sent Sahadeva to find out what happened. Sahadeva also went near the pond, and heard the same voice. "This pond is mine. Dont drink the water without answering my questions". Nakula also did not heed those words, drank water, and fell unconscious.
"Arjuna! what happened to your brothers who have gone to fetch water. Kindly find out" said Dharmaja.
Arjuna went near the pond and heard the same voice "If anybody drinks water in this pond, without answering my questions, he will become unconscious".
"Who is there? Who are you? Why you are talking invisible? I will kill you" so saying he released Sabdavedi from his bow. There was no response; instead the same voice again was heard. Arjuna did not care those words, entered the pond, drank water and fell down as usual unconscious.
As his three brothers did not return for a long time, Dharmaja was very much annoyed. He sent Bheema to find out the reason. Bheemaa also went near the pond, heard the same voice, drank the water and fell unconscious.
Dharmaja could not wait for a long time. He himself went near the pond. He saw all his four brothers in an unconscious state. He keenly observed the vicinity. He did not find any other foot prints except his four brothers and himself. The reason for their unconscious state is not known. He entertained a doubt whether the water is poisonous. But there are no such symptoms on their body.
Dharmaja entered the pond and touched the water. He heard a voice from heaven. "O Dharmaja! I am a crane. This pond is mine. Without heeding my words, your brothers drank the water and fell unconscious. If you also drink water, you will also meet the same fate. Therefore first answer my questions and then consume water".
"I do not know whether you are Rudra, Agni or Vayu Otherwise, my brothers would not have fallen unconscious. Who are you? What is your intention" asked Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! I am an Yaksha. Your brothers did not care for my words and fell down" appeared Yaksha in human form.
"Anybody who drink water wihout my permission, however high he may be, he will fell down. You are wise hence you did not consume water. So, answer my questions." said Yaksha.
"Yaksha! I am too small to answer your questions. Anyhow, I will answer to the best of my knowledge" humbly answered Dharmaja.
Yaksha: Who is running sun god? Who is worshipping sun god? What is sun-set? What is the basis for sun god?
Dharmaja: Brahma is running sun god. Divine bodies are worshipping sun-god. Sun will set with Dharma. Truth is the basis for Sun
Yaksha: How a man will become Srotriya? How a man will attain miracles? Who will help him? How a man will become wise?
Dharmaja: By constant hearing, a man will become Srotriya, that means, by hearing, chanting and studying Vedas. (Sruta means hearing). By tapassu a man will attain miracles. His courage will always help a man. By serving wise and virtuous people, a man will become wise.
Yaksha: How a brahmin will attain divinity? How he will become humble? How he will become a bad character? How a brahmin will become a human?
Dharmaja: By chanting Vedas, a Brahmin will attain divinity. With great devotion he will get humbleness. If he loses his character, he will become bad. When a Brahmin did not observe cleanliness, with the fear of death, he will become human.
Yaksha: Who will be called Jeevanmrutha (one who is considered to be dead even he is alive).
Dharmaja: One who consumes food without offering the same to divine souls, guests, Pitaras (forefathers), and his servants working under him, is jeevanmrutha. His life is waste.
Yaksha: Which is heavier than earth"? What is longer than sky? Which goes faster than wind? Which grows more than grass?
Dharmaja: Mother is more heavier than earth. Father is longer than sky. Mind goes faster than wind. Mental agony grows faster than grass.
Yaksha: Which sleeps opening its eyes? Which does not move even after birth? Which does not think even though having a form. Which grows with speed?
Dharmaja: Fish sleeps opening its eyes. Egg does not move even after birth. Stone does not think even it has form. River grows faster by flowing speedily.
Yaksha: Who are the relatives for a traveller, patient, household and dead.
Dharmaja: Co-travellers for a traveller, good doctor for a patient, virtuous wife for household, the charity done by him while he was alive, for a dead person, are relatives.
Yaksha: On What Dharma depends? What is the basis for fame? What is the divine path? Which is the source for happiness?
Dharmaja: Dharma depends on compassion. Charity is the basis for fame. Truthfulness is the right path to attain divinity. Virtuous life is the source for eternal happiness.
Yaksha: Whcih is the soul for humanbeing? Who is a divine relative? Depending on which he lives? From which, humanbeing derives good qualities?
Dharmaja: Son is the soul for human-being. Wife is the godgiven relative. Human being lives depending on clouds. By charity, humanbeing derives good qualities.
Yaksha: Which is greatest Dharma of all? Which yields complete results? By leaving which we derive happiness? Friendship with whom will never spoil?
Dharmaja: Non-violence is the greatest dharma. Performing Yajnas and Yagas yields good results. By leaving egoism and pride, one derives happiness. Friendship with virtuous people will never spoil.
Yaksha: On whom the universe depends? By which food and water derive? What is poison? Which is the better time for performing ceremonies for ancestors.
Dharmaja: This universe depends on good and virtuous people. From clouds we derive food and water. Belongings of a brahmin are equivalent to poison. Whenever Brahmin arrives, ceremony should be performed.
Yaksha: By relinquishing which a person will be praised by one and all, one will be without sorrow, one will have riches and one will become happiest person.
Dharmaja: By leaving pride and arrogance, one will be praised by one all. He will never feel sad and sorrow. If one is not a miser, he willbe the richest person. By leaving greediness, one will become the happiest person.
Yaksha: Who is Purusha? Who is the richest person?
Dharmaja: One who gets name and fame is a Purusha. One who feels equally, the pleasure and sorrow, likes and dislikes, past and future, he will be the richest person.
Yaksha was very much satisfied with the answers given by Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! you satisfied me with your apt and tactful answers. I want to restore the life of one of your brothers. Choose any one of your brothers" asked Yaksha.
"Please give away the life of Nakula" said Dharmaja.
"What? Leaving Bheema and Arjuna, why you have chosen Nakula?" asked yaksha.
"My father had two wives, Kunti and Madri. Myself, Bheema and Arjuna are the sons through Kunti, and Nakula and Sahadeva are the sons through Maadri. I am the eldest among the sons of Kunti, and Nakula is the eldest among the sons of Madri. Hence I have chosen his life, because it is Dharma" replied Dharmaja.
"O Dharmaja! I am very much satisfied with your righteousness. All your brothers will have rebirth." blessed Yaksha.
All the four brothers of Dharmaja woke up as if from sleep.
"O Great Yaksha! you are not an ordinary divine body. Kindly reveal me who are you?" prayed Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! I am Yamadharma Raja. Your father. I want to see you. Hence I have come. I am the embodiment of truth, cleanliness, charity, tapassu, fame and wisdom. By observing the above virtues, one will never become a bad character. Choose whatever you like?" asked Yamadharma Raja.
"Yama Dharma Raja! a deer has taken away the churning shaft of a brahmin. Inspite of our best efforts we could not find the deer. Kindly restore the churning shaft to the brahmin" requested Dharmaja.
"Dharmaja! I am the same deer. Take this churning shaft and restore it to that Brahmin" Yama returned back the churning shaft.
"Dharmaja! all of you completed 12 years of aranya vaasa. The remaing one year you have to spend unrecognised by your enemies. I bless you with a boon. In that one year, whatever form you choose, you will have that form and you will not be recognised by any one. Choose some other boon I will give you" said Yama dharma raja.
"You are the super divine power. You are before me. What more can I ask? Kindly bless me that my mind will never transgress the right path and anger and delusion will never influence me in any manner.
Yamadharma accordingly blessed Dharmaja and disappeared.
Pandavas returned back to their Ashram and gave back the churning shaft to the Brahmin and had his blessings.
In this manner, Saint Vaisampaayana told Janamejaya the story of Mahabharat, that Pandavas and Droupadi completed the twelve years of forest life" told Sooti (the story teller) to Saint Sounaka and other sages and saints gathered in Naimisaaranya on the occasion of performing Satra yaaga.
Maha Bharat – Aranya Parva – Saptamaasvaasa –
written by Errapraggada –
completed .
With this chapter, the entire Aranya Parva
written by Nannayya and Yerana
is completed.
Om tatsat.
 
Om Tat Sat

(Continued...)
(My humble salutations to Brahmasri M V Subrahmanyam     for the collection)